This paper presents modeling and analysis of horizontal and vertical wind shear effects using a wind turbine emulator (WTE) with a comprehensive model. These periodic effects generate power fluctuations and mechanical stress on the wind turbine (WT) components during its operation. The frequency of these fluctuations associates with the rotation speed and the number of blades, whereas the amplitude increases in larger turbines. Although the vertical wind shear effect was modeled in literature using WTEs, the simplified aerodynamic and mechanical models were considered for WTs. In this paper, in addition to the vertical wind shear, the horizontal wind shear is modeled in simulation and experiment using a WTE, which may have more severe effects. The utilized WTE employs a comprehensive model for the WT, which considers aerodynamic, mechanical, and electrical aspects. The interaction of different aspects and mechanical dynamics is included in the WTE, which utilizes AeroDyn and FAST software tools to model the aerodynamic and the mechanical aspects of the WT. A coupled induction motor-induction generator set was employed to develop the WTE, which is used to model the wind shear effects for a fixed-speed WT.

Investigation of Horizontal and Vertical Wind Shear Effects Using a Wind Turbine Emulator

Electric vehicles (EVs) are fast emerging as a desirable transportation to cut the environmental pollution across the world. The main component in EVs are battery, power electronics, electric motor and high voltage cable. Their failure in EVs may result in sever system breakdown, or even life threat. Currently in heavy EVs such as bus, trucks, sports car, the voltage levels and current levels are far higher than the level that people can endure. Among these components high voltage cable is required for safer transfer of electrical energy without causing any failure of insulation. Due to heat produced by the electrical EVs components, temperature of the overall electrical system in EV increases and it causes serious concerns for safety issues mainly for the insulation property of the cable. In electric vehicle high voltage safety is utmost important and ensuring the passenger's safety is important factor in research ecosystem. In this paper addresses the high-voltage safety of an electric vehicle and analytically evaluate the electrical and thermal stresses of the high voltage DC cable.

A study on safety issues and analytical evaluation of stresses for HVDC cable in electrical vehicle

Equilibrium strategy-based economic-reliable approach for day-ahead scheduling towards solar-wind-gas hybrid power generation system: A case study from China

Design and development of low-cost photovoltaic module characterization educational demonstration tool

Over the last few years, electric vehicles have been gaining popularity in and around the world with their growing adoption in countries like China, Europe and the USA. Several countries are aiming to make the vehicles fully electric in the coming years. In India, electric vehicles seem to replace the conventional vehicles soon due to the increasing prices of fuel along with the growing environmental pollution. Researchers throughout the globe are focusing on accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles by the masses. This paper focuses on the advancements in the field of electric vehicles and its feasibility in the long run. In the first part, the challenges encountered by the EVs in the market of India have been discussed along with the Indian EV market scenario with the plans presented by the government. In the subsequent section, the recent studies on EV in India are discussed trailed by a discussion on wireless power transfer.

Electric Vehicles in the Indian Scenario

The goal of this study is sustainable development of energy resources by gradual shift from fossil fuel based transportation system to electrically operated transportation system. India is currently ranked 2nd in population index hence requirement of any resource is huge if we consider the size of the population. There is a need for preservation of non-renewable energy resources. India currently ranks number 3 in list of oil importing countries only behind US and China and it is the single most reason for deficit of balance of payment account. It is evident we cannot stop the usage of these resources but can bring substitutes so that the pressure on these resources can be released. This paper critically analyzes the challenges which can be faced in India on transition from fossil fuel based to EV's it also throws light on possible solutions to the challenges along with the role of Indian government in this matter.

Challenges in transition from internal combustion vehicles to electric vehicles in India by 2030

Energy has turned to be one of the most basic needs of the humans. Wind energy has been a major source of energy for the society for the past thousand years. Wind energy is a clean and pollution free energy source which can be relied up on for the long-term future. A wind turbine creates cost-effective, pollution free, reliable sources of energy. A single wind turbine is sufficient for the generation of energy which is required by a household. Wind turbines generates power without the usage of fossil fuels, neither have they produced greenhouse gases nor they generate radioactive or toxic waste. There is always a significant need for better sources of energy that is long term reliable. The dependence on conventional sources of energy must be reduced, better and renewable sources of energy must be investigated and should be brought into use. There are various factors affecting the energy generation using wind turbines such as wind parameters which are natural and the turbine parameters. The wind turbine design and its dimensions are one of the major factors affecting the output voltage generated by the wind turbines. The wind turbine blades design includes the pitch angle, the blade length, the width of the blade, weight and the aerodynamic modeling of the blades. Therefore it is necessary to study the effect of all these parameters on the output voltage generated by the conventional type of horizontal axis wind turbines. The paper describes the study of various parameters affecting the working of wind turbines and their effect on the output voltage.

Study of output parameters of horizontal axis wind turbines using experimental test setup

In today's world due to fast and rapid depletion of the conventional and nonrenewable energy resources it calls upon the requirement for sources of alternative energy, clean, green, and renewability are the top priorities. Using wind power to produce electricity is a perfect fit. Because wind energy has become the least expensive source of new electric power that is also compatible with environment preservation programs many countries promote wind power technology by means of national programs and market incentives. Also it provides an effective solution for reduction of fossil fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The wind turbines are used for the generation of wind energy, simple in construction, economical and which gives appreciable output. Wind shear is one of the major factors affecting the working of wind turbines. Vertical shear, or the change of winds with height, either enhances or diminishes the vertical draft strengths. Input parameters and output parameters vary with different turbines. Flicker voltage is one of the major parameter concerned with the wind turbine parameters. Voltage flicker are caused due to heavy loads periodically turned on and off in a weak distribution system. This paper presents the effect produced in the output voltage and flicker voltage due to vertical wind shear in conventional type of wind turbines. The objective of this paper is to introduce the assessment parameters of the wind energy production of sites and pairing between the sites and wind turbines.

Laboratory set up for the study of the effect of vertical shear on horizontal axis wind turbine

Society has taken advantage of wind energy for thousands of years. Wind energy is a clean, non-polluting and renewable energy source that can be relied up on for the long-term future. A wind energy farm creates cost-effective, reliable and pollution free energy in large scale. It is clean, sustainable and affordable. A single wind turbine can be sufficient for the generation of energy for a household. Wind turbines create power without using fossil fuels which causes pollution, without producing greenhouse gases or radioactive or toxic wastes. Switching onto wind power will reduce global warming since it is eco-friendly and nonpolluting. Lot of research work is going on to make it more effective, viable and efficient. Voltage flicker is one of the main issues associated with the wind technology which has not being considered seriously so far. It is caused due to many factors such as variation in wind speed, vertical shear, horizontal shear as well as changing air density. It is also affected by the turbulence in air flow and the mechanical parameters of the wind turbine. The effect of blade parameters variation on voltage flicker is a matter of concern. It is important to study the variation of voltage flicker with the input parameters of wind turbine so as to minimize voltage fluctuations in the power supply. An analysis of output parameter of a wind turbine in the form of flicker voltage due to variation in input parameters obtained through experimentation using laboratory setup is presented in this paper.

Athul Raj

Papers

Challenges in transition from internal combustion vehicles to electric vehicles in India by 2030

Study of output parameters of horizontal axis wind turbines using experimental test setup

Laboratory set up for the study of the effect of vertical shear on horizontal axis wind turbine

Study of output parameters of horizontal axis wind turbines using experimental test setup

Analysis of voltage flickers using laboratory test set up