Ethnomedicinal plants used to treat skin diseases by Tharu community of district Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India

Objective
To investigate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic leaf extract of Cyathea gigantea (C. gigantea) against paracetamol induced liver damage in rats.

Investigation of hepatoprotective activity of Cyathea gigantea(Wall.ex. Hook.) leaves against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Ethnopharmacology and integrative medicine – Let the history tell the future.

SUMMARY The crude extracts from leaf and stem of Cardiospermum halicacabum in different solvent, were subjected to pharmacognostic and fluorescence analysis, phytochemical and antimicrobial screening against selected Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Acetone, alcohol, benzene, chloroform and aqueous extracts of leaf and stem were used for phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity. Phytochemical studies indicated that the leaf and stem contain a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites. Phenol, tannins and saponins were predominantly found in all the five tested solvent extracts of leaf followed by steroids, sugars, flavonoids and terpenoids (Benzene and acetone). Like wise, phenol, tannin, amino acids were predominantly found in all the tested solvent extracts of the stem. Triperpenoids were not found in any of the solvent extracts of stem. All the extracts showed varying degree of inhibitory potential against all the tested bacteria. Acetone and chloroform extracts of leaf had higher inhibitory action against Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus subtilis respectively. Acetone extracts of stem showed maximum inhibitory action against S. typhi and benzene extracts of stem had moderate inhibitory action against Escherichia coli . Key words: Cardiospermum halicacabum , Fluorescence characteristics, Pharmacognostic studies, Phytochemical screening, Antibacterial activity Maluventhan Viji and Sangu Murugesan. Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plant Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. . J Phytol 2/1 (2010) 68-77.

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Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plant Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn.

Traditional phytotherapy remedies used in Southern Rwanda for the treatment of liver diseases.

Background: Several lead compounds have been developed from natural resources as hepatoprotective. The hepatotoxic nature of the drugs, industrial toxins and drug-induced hepatotoxicity has been recognized as the major problem associated with liver diseases. Natural products including herbs have great potential in treating liver disorders. Objective: Botanicals have been used traditionally by herbalists and indigenous healers worldwide for several years for the prevention and treatment of liver disease and clinical research in this century has confirmed the efficacy of several plants in the treatment of liver disease. Many herbs used in several systems of alternative medicines have a long history of traditional use in revitalizing the liver and treating liver dysfunction and disease. Many of these herbs have been evaluated in clinical studies and are now being investigated phytochemically to understand their actions in a better way. Conclusion: An attempt has been made through this article to review the m...

Lead finding from medicinal plants with hepatoprotective potentials.

Summary Using Lipid peroxidation, DPPH and nitric oxide, Superoxide and Hydroxyl radical scavenging assay to investigate the antioxidant activity of crude ethyl acetate extract from the stem bark of Semecarpus anacardium L., it was found that the ethyl acetate extract exhibited a stronger antioxidant activity compared to the other (hexane, chloroform and methanol) extracts, where total phenolic content of ethyl acetate extract was highest with 68.67 % measured as pyrocatechol equivalent. On the basis of Lipid peroxidation, DPPH, nitric oxide and inhibition of superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, bioassay guided isolation of the ethyl acetate extract of S. anacardium stem bark was carried out by silica gel column chromatography. It afforded a bright-yellow solid crystal, which was identified as butein (1). This compound exhibited antioxidant activity (IC50 values of 43.28 ± 4.34 µg/ml) which was comparable to rutin, taken as a standard.

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In Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Semecarpus Anacardium L.

SUMMARY Morinda tinctoria Roxb. (Family: Rubiaceae) is commonly known as Indian mulberry or Aal inIndia. This plant is very well known for its therapeutic benefit in Indian systems of medicineincluding Ayurveda and Siddha and in other forms of traditional Medicine worldwide for thetreatment of several ailments. Almost all parts of this plant have been explored for its medicinaluses. Several reports on the phytochemical and therapeutic benefits of this plant have beenreported. In this article an attempt has been made to review the traditional uses, phytochemicalprofiles and therapeutic potentials of Indian mulberry.Key words: Morinda tinctoria ; Therapeutic potential; Phytoconstituents; Ayurveda; Siddha; Indianmulberry INTRODUCTION Botanical drugs and dietary supplements may bederived from a broader variety of plants that arenormally present in the human diet. Botanicals orphytopharmaceuticals are a perfect fit for prophylacticuse in order to prevent diseases and also for ournormal wellbeing. The screening and evaluation ofmedicinal plants mostly depends on propercultivation and collection of the plant materialsfollowed by their extraction and deriving thephytochemical entities to access the optimizedbioactive compound production and use in therapy.This is very much required for multi-componentdrugs and their standardized extracts for assuringthe quality and batch to batch consistency(Mukherjee, 2002). The Indian subcontinent, withthe history of one of the oldest civilization,harbours many traditional health care systems.Their development was supported by the diversebiodiversity in flora and fauna due to variations ingeographical landscaping (Mukherjee and Wahile,2006). Therefore the potential plants need to beexplored for new drug development. Reviews ofseveral medicinal plants including oriental medicineMangifera indica (Rai et al., 2007), therapeutic potentialsand untoward effects of Piper betle (Rai et al., 2005)has been reported from our laboratory. Beside this

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Phytochemical and therapeutic potentials of Morinda tinctoria Roxb. (Indian mulberry)

Tilianin (acacetine-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Morinda tinctoria Roxb. and its structure established unambiguously by a series of 1D- and 2D-NMR analyses. This is the first record of this compound for this species. The antioxidant activity of tilianin, determined using the DPPH scavenging assay, was measured with an IC50 value of 57.5 μg/mL.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1934578X0800300919

Atish K. Sahoo

Papers

Lead finding from medicinal plants with hepatoprotective potentials.

In Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Semecarpus Anacardium L.

Phytochemical and therapeutic potentials of Morinda tinctoria Roxb. (Indian mulberry)

A Flavonoid Glycoside from the Leaves of Morinda Tinctoria