Entrepreneurship: A Comparative and Historical Study.

(1975) The Peasants of Languedoc History: Reviews of New Books: Vol 3, No 4, pp 107-107

The Peasants of Languedoc

Entrepreneurship and economic development

Sugar, Steam and Steel is about cane sugar and the transformation of an Indonesian island into the �Oriental Cuba� during the middle decades of the nineteenth century. Between the 1830s and the 1880s, sweetener manufacture in Dutch-controlled Java � the crown jewel of the erstwhile Netherlands Indies � drew decisively away in matters of technology and sugar science from other Asian centres of production which had once equaled or, more often, surpassed it in terms of both output and know-how. Along with its larger and altogether more famous Caribbean counterpart, Java�s industry came to occupy a position at the apex of the trade in what had become by this date a key global commodity.

Sugar, Steam and Steel:: The Industrial Project in Colonial Java, 1830-1885

Indonesian exports : Performance and prospects 1950-1970

Coconut estate is one of the vital agriculture sub-sectors in Indonesia because it has an important role in absorbing employment. In the early 20 th  century, Netherland Indies was one of the major copra exporters globally, and the eastern region of Nusantara contributed as the leading producer. However, in the 1930s – 1950s, the coconut-based economy's contraction phase in the eastern region had weakened the whole production. The Indonesian government tried to recover coconut estates and its economic market through several efforts, such as rehabilitating smallholder coconut estates, recovering copra trading, and starting coconut industrialization. Used historical research methods, this article described the shifting of Indonesia coconut-based economy from the past center of trade and production, in the eastern region of Indonesia, to a recent major producer and industry cluster in the Indragiri Hilir, Riau Province. In the 1980s – 1990s, the government efforts to improve coconut commodities have led to shifting the Indonesian coconut-based economy to Indragiri Hilir. Several policies issued by the government such as Smallholder Coconut Development Project, Proyek Peremajaan Rehabilitasi dan Perluasan Tanaman Ekspor (PRPTE), Nucleus Estate Smallholder (NES), Nucleus Estate Smallholder Transmigration (NES-Trans), and the local government funding, as well as the liberalization of coconut trading regulation, had stimulated rapid growth of coconut estates in Indragiri Hilir. Even though several schemes and governments attempt to develop smallholder coconut estates, the expansion rate was mostly dominated by self-funded smallholder coconut estates. During the 1980s – 1990s, the increasing demand for coconut from large-scale processing industries had attracted the smallholder to cultivate coconut.

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The Rapid Growth of Coconut Estates in Indragiri Hilir 1980s – 1990s

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The Effect of Digital Learning Material on Students' Social Skills in Social Studies Learning.

Several economic historians have argued about the beneficial combination of history and entrepreneurship. This is a quantitative comparative research to determine the effectiveness of economic history in encouraging students’ entrepreneurial intention (EI). Theory of Planned Behavior on the entrepreneurship intention used as the theoretical framework to examine the way of history influenced entrepreneurial intention. Two random groups of students were compared to measure the difference between them as the result of economic history learning that integrated on the Indonesia History subject in the tertiary grade school. The results of the study showed that existed significant differences between both groups as the result of treatment on the experimental group. The Independent T-Test result showed that EI statistical analysis (sig. 2-tailed) valued 0.043 or below than 5% significance level. Based on the study, the entrepreneurial intention model that derived from Theory of Planned Behavior has empirically proved as explanatory framework to explain determinant factors that affect entrepreneurial intention.

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The Effect of Economic History towards Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention: A Planned Behavioral Approach

The concept of "surau" for the Minangkabau community cannot be separated from the framework of the Minangkabau Nature conception itself concerning the process of Islamization and its relationship to sociocultural (customary) aspects. Under ideal conditions, the surau used to function as a means of Islamic education, such as learning to recite the Qur'an, studying religious knowledge, or suluk (for the tarekat community), as well as as a means of inheriting certain traditions of the Minangkabau community such as learning to worship (petatah-petitih), art self-defense (silek), and qasidah/gambus. So, the concept of traditional surau education is a cultural heritage of the Minangkabau community in education, which is packaged in the form of non-formal education. However, over time the dynamics of the continuity of non-formal education based on the surau are affected by the modernization of education, social changes in society, and waves of religious reformism. This study found that surau-based non-formal education has experienced a shift in its educational function and model that occurs in three patterns: (1) Transformation, where the education governance has improved by transforming into formal educational institutions such as madrasas or pesantren, generally, this pattern occurs in a surau that has an excellent reputation. 

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The Shift of a Surau to Be a Mushalla as a Non-Formal Education Implementation in The Regency of West Sumatra Agam

In general, history is a construction of the past that should use models, methods, and concepts of other social sciences to explain the changes or events throughout human life and civilization. Thus, the assumption that history should be explained from a broader perspective of social sciences and the deep analysis of social theory has transformed the need for an interdisciplinary approach in history education. In the quest for an advanced learning approach to history education, this article proposes integrative learning as an approach that could meet the need for the integration of various perspectives and theories from social science disciplines in learning history. Constructively explained through a systematic literature review of related studies oriented towards history, interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and integrative learning, this article works on the possibility of integration encompassing four steps, namely establishing a purpose, understanding and leveraging disciplinary insights, leveraging integration, and critical stance. Despite the lack of empirical research, integrative learning is a promising concept that could improve the method of fostering high-order thinking skills in history education.

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Atqo Akmal

Papers

The Rapid Growth of Coconut Estates in Indragiri Hilir 1980s – 1990s

The Effect of Digital Learning Material on Students' Social Skills in Social Studies Learning.

The Effect of Economic History towards Students’ Entrepreneurial Intention: A Planned Behavioral Approach

The Shift of a Surau to Be a Mushalla as a Non-Formal Education Implementation in The Regency of West Sumatra Agam

Integrative Learning in History Education: A Systematic Literature Review