PurposeTo assess the utility of second-look ultrasound (US) for identifying and characterising incidental enhancing lesions detected by breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and methodsFrom among 655 consecutive breast MRI studies, 62 lesions (MRI visible, nonpalpable, occult at first-look US and mammography) were recommended for second-look US. MRI enhancement of lesions was mass-like in 59 cases (95%) and non-mass-like in three (5%). Forty-two lesions (68%) were ≤10 mm; only three lesions (5%) were >20 mm. Of all lesions, the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) MRI category was highly suggestive of malignancy in six cases (10%), suspicious abnormality in 33 (53%) and probably benign in 23 (37%). The correlation between MRI lesion appearance, lesion size, histopathology findings and detection rate at second-look US were analysed. The reference standard was histopathology and/or follow-up (range 18–24 months). Statistical analysis was performed with the Fisher exact test.ResultsSecond-look US identified 44 out of 62 (71%) lesions depicted at MRI. The detection rate at second-look US was higher for mass-like MRI lesions (75%) than nonmass-like lesions (0%), for lesion size >10mm (90%) and for BI-RADS 4 lesions (88%). Second-look US-guided biopsy detected 12 out of 17 (71%) malignant lesions. There was no correlation between the likelihood of carcinoma and the presence of a sonographic correlate.ConclusionsSecond-look US is a reliable problemsolving tool in identifying and characterising most incidental MRI findings. It contributes to accurately selecting the cases in which MRI-guided biopsy is required.RiassuntoObiettivoLo scopo del lavoro è stato verificare l’utilità del second look ecografico nella identificazione e nella tipizzazione delle lesioni incidentali alla risonanza magnetica (RM) mammaria.Materiali e metodiÈ stata effettuata un’analisi retrospettiva di 62 lesioni identificate incidentalmente dalla RM, non palpabili e occulte alla mammografia ed ecografia espletate prima della RM. L’impregnazione delle lesioni era tipo massa in 59 casi (95%) e non massa in 3 casi (5%). Quarantadue lesioni (68%) erano ≤10 mm; solo 3 lesioni (5%) erano >20 mm. Il grado di sospetto RM era alla classificazione breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) 5 in 6 casi (10%), BI-RADS 4 in 33 casi (53%), BI-RADS 3 in 23 casi (37%). Le lesioni RM con corrispettivo reperto al second look ecografico sono state analizzate riguardo: aspetto RM, dimensioni, sospetto radiologico, diagnosi istologica. Il gold standard è stato l’esame patologico o il follow-up clinico e strumentale a 24 mesi. I risultati sono stati analizzati con il test statistico di Fisher (significatività: p<0,05).RisultatiIl second look ecografico ha identificato 44/62 (71%) lesioni incidentali alla RM mammaria. Il numero di lesioni identificate con il second-look è stato superiore in caso di impregnazione di tipo massa (75%), lesioni con dimensioni >10 mm (90%) e con BI-RADS 4 (88%). Dodici/44 (27%) lesioni identificate dal second look ecografico erano maligne e 5/18 (27%) lesioni prive di traduzione ecografica erano maligne. Il prelievo guidato dal second look ecografico ha caratterizato 12/17 (71%) lesioni maligne.ConclusioniIl second look ecografico è una valida metodica nel management delle lesioni identificate incidentalmente dalla RM mammaria in quanto consente l’identificazione e la caratterizzazione della maggioranza di esse e l’accurata selezione di quelle da avviare a procedure RM-guidate.

Management of incidental enhancing lesions detected by breast MR imaging

BACKGROUND To explore the value of quantitative shear wave elastography (SWE) plus the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) in the identification of solid breast masses. METHODS A total of 108 patients with 120 solid breast masses admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were enrolled in this study. The pathological examination served as the gold standard for definitive diagnosis. Both SWE and BI-RADS grading were performed. RESULTS Out of the 120 solid breast masses in 108 patients, 75 benign and 45 malignant masses were pathologically confirmed. The size, shape, margin, internal echo, microcalcification, lateral acoustic shadow, and posterior acoustic enhancement of benign and malignant masses were significantly different (all P   0.05). The percentage of Adler grade II-III of the benign masses was lower than that of the malignant masses (P < 0.05). BI-RADS plus SWE yielded higher diagnostic specificity and positive predictive value than either BI-RADS or SWE; BI-RADS plus SWE yielded the highest diagnostic accuracy among the three methods (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION SWE plus routine ultrasonography BI-RADS has a higher value in differentiating benign from malignant breast masses than color doppler or SWE alone, which should be further promoted in clinical practice.

Combination of shear wave elastography and BI-RADS in identification of solid breast masses.

Complex breast masses may appear as suspicious ultrasound findings that usually warrant biopsy. Ductal cell carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) is a form of breast cancer with a non-uniform appearance and malignant potential. A longitudinal review of mammary gland ultrasound (with high frequency transducer) within a three-year period was conducted. Differential diagnosis of fibroadenoma, lactating adenoma, mastitis, galactocele, breast cancer, abscess and “general” masses greater than 16 mm in diameter was stratified. Based on the breast imaging reporting in data system (BIRADS), lesions were classified as benign or malignant and recommendations of cytology made in cases of observed overlap findings. Image sonomorphologic information on mass-echogenic halo and non-uniform orientation were documented; while malignant factors like scar tissue, focal fibrosis and papillomas may be associated with a false positive (conclusion) result. Doppler studies on further mass evaluation is encouraged.

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Ayinde T O

Papers

Comparative sonographic review of benign and malignant breast masses