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Multivariate Data Analysis With Readings

Tax evasion is the basic characteristic of many developing countries. De facto tax collections are consequently far below revenue implied by published or de jure tax rates. This paper empirically examines tax rates (tariff plus VAT rates) as the determinants of customs revenue evasion across products, based on a systematic analysis of discrepancies in trade declarations for trading partners, United Republic of Tanzania, Republic of South Africa and China. The results indicate that trade gap is highly correlated with tax rates, that is, much more value is lost for products with higher tax rates. The results also show that the trade gap is correlated with tax rates on closely rated products from Republic of South Africa, implying that evasion takes place through misclassification of imports from higher-taxed categories to lower-taxed ones. However, there is no evidence of misclassification of imports from China. The wide divergences between the effective and statutory tax rates in Tanzanian tax system indicate that there is a scope for raising tax revenue without increasing tax rates by reinforcing tax and customs administrations and reducing tax evasion.

/pdf/tax-rates-and-tax-evasion-evidence-from-missing-imports-in-4mtuhkcqh4.pdf

Tax Rates and Tax Evasion: Evidence from Missing Imports in Tanzania

The study examines the impact of corporate governance mechanisms, such as board characteristics on corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) The data on CSRD items and board characteristics have been collected by content analysis of the annual reports of 30 publicly-listed banks in Bangladesh covering six years, from 2013 to 2018 More specifically, the directors’ report, the chairman’s statement, notes to the financial statement and CSR disclosure reports included in annual reports were used to collect the CSRD data The empirical analysis applies the ordinary least square and the generalized method of moments The results of the study have revealed that board size, board independence, female board member, and foreign directors have a significant positive impact on CSRD By contrast, political directors and audit committee size have a negative impact on CSRD Interestingly, accounting experts on boards ensure more CSRD as they curb the influence of politicians on the board Thus, it is better to increase accounting experts and decrease politicians on the board These findings provide valuable insights into the process of forming a suitable CSR policy by connecting the efforts of the board, government, and regulatory bodies to enhance the performance of banks to CSR as well as to CSRD

https://www.koreascience.or.kr:443/article/JAKO202017764018044.pdf

Impact of Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure of Publicly-Listed Banks in Bangladesh

Public policies and tax evasion: evidence from SAARC countries.


 The COVID-19 pandemic is not only a medical emergency but also a business emergency that has created the need for organizations to be resilient and versatile in managing the impact of the pandemic on their business operations. At this time, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the most vulnerable to the economic disaster caused by the recent crisis, because these companies do not have the necessary resources to absorb losses. This research reviewed the impact of digital technologies on SMEs’ resilience during the pandemic, focusing on companies in developing countries. Based on the 96 SMEs surveyed across six developing countries, the study shows that digital technology has helped SMEs to survive the pandemic, assisting SMEs in becoming more robust and ensuring their survival. This research fills a significant research gap in the literature, highlighting the inherent challenges of SMEs in developing countries and their digital transformation strategies. This study also offers practical recommendations for SMEs, tech developers, and policymakers to invest more effort in putting new procedures in place to ensure the efficacy of digital technology.


/pdf/do-digital-technologies-influence-the-relationship-between-csm3e201.pdf

Do Digital Technologies Influence the Relationship between the COVID-19 Crisis and SMEs’ Resilience in Developing Countries?

Though remarkable literature exploring productivity and efficiency has emerged since the last half of the previous century, but dearth studies have been found in showing the impact of corporate governance on banks’ productivity. The study aims to investigate the banks’ productivity and its relationship with corporate governance. For this purpose, the study examines the productivity of 30 listed banks of Bangladesh deploying a Malmquist Productivity Index (an extension of Data Envelopment Analysis) with a panel data covering the period of five years from 2013 to 2017. The empirical results show that the average productivity of the banks is 1.03%. Finally, the ordinary least square (OLS), fixed effect (FE), and random effect (RE) regression were run separately. The research outcomes show that the productivity of the Bangladeshi banks is significantly influenced by financial performance, ownership structure, and board characteristics. The study provides the researchers, academicians, management of the banks, and regulatory body a new insight of how corporate governance influences the banks’ productivity so that they can formulate a better policy to generate more productivity.

/pdf/corporate-governance-and-banks-productivity-evidence-from-kofykbsygi.pdf

Corporate governance and banks’ productivity: evidence from the banking industry in Bangladesh

The study aims to determine the influential factors behind the choice of green actions by the banking employees of Bangladesh. Hypotheses and a research framework are developed with a view to explore the relationship of green managerial choice of bankers with perceived green knowledge, peer pressure, rewards and recognition and government regulations in ensuring environmental performance. A self-administered questionnaire was utilized for collecting primary data and exploratory factor analysis was tested to verify the variance of the considered variables and finally multiple-regression analysis was used to comprehend the relationship among the variables. A positive relationship was identified with peer pressure and rewards and recognition that may influence the employees to accept the overall green policies and practices. The study can help the business administrators to identify the dominating factors and work on these factors to motivate the employees to increase their environmental behaviour so that organizational environmental performance can be enhanced.

/pdf/behavioural-determinants-of-green-managerial-practices-a-2ea8jx05ep.pdf

Azharul Islam

Papers

Corporate governance and banks’ productivity: evidence from the banking industry in Bangladesh

Public policies and tax evasion: evidence from SAARC countries.

Behavioural Determinants of Green Managerial Practices: A Study on Bangladeshi Bankers