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Disease classification is central to the practice of medicine; it systematizes clinical knowledge and experience Classification is essential for diagnosis and effective treatment of human disease Progress in classifying traumatic brain injury (TBI) for targeted treatment has lagged behind other diseases such as cancer, and has contributed to a lack of progress in the field Today TBI is most frequently classified as mild, moderate, or severe using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) However, the GCS is symptoms-based and does not allow for targeting of specific pathology Here we review general schemas for disease classification and how they have evolved over time We discuss the characteristics of an ideal classification system and the unique challenges inherent to achieving such a system for TBI Current means of classifying TBI are reviewed, as are the strengths and limitations of these approaches Generating the data required to modernize TBI classification and to perhaps facilitate a targeted, precision medicine approach to its management will require a highly collaborative international effort Fortunately these efforts are underway and will benefit from the lessons and tools that have come from other areas of medicine that have already found success with this approach

Classification of traumatic brain injury: past, present, and future.

Background Cognitive impairments are highly prevalent in stroke survivors and can substantially affect their physical rehabilitation and quality of life. The management of these impairments currently remains limited, but increasing studies reported the effect of aerobic exercise on cognitive performance in patients suffering from stroke. The purpose of this review was to assess the effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function following stroke. Methods Seven electronic databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database [VIP], Wanfang, China Biology Medicine disc [CBM], Science Citation Index [SCI], EMBASE, and PubMed) were searched from their inception to May 31, 2015, for the effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive ability compared to usual physical activity in stroke survivors. RevMan V5.3 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre) was used to analyze the data and to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Results Ten eligible studies including 394 participants were identified. Six studies showed that aerobic exercise significantly improved global cognitive ability in stroke survivors. Four studies reported aerobic exercise to be beneficial in improving memory, but only one showed statistical significance. Two studies investigated the effects of aerobic exercise on attention, and one showed a significant improvement. One study reported a significant benefit of aerobic exercise on visuospatial ability in stroke survivors. No adverse events were reported in the included studies. Conclusions Aerobic exercise may have a positive effect on improving global cognitive ability and a potential benefit on memory, attention, and the visuospatial domain of cognition in stroke survivors. However, further large, rigorously designed trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Aerobic Exercises for Cognition Rehabilitation following Stroke: A Systematic Review

Correlation between videogame mechanics and executive functions through EEG analysis

A model for predicting user intention to use wearable IoT devices at the workplace

A systematic literature review on obesity: Understanding the causes & consequences of obesity and reviewing various machine learning approaches used to predict obesity.

Brain injury such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke is the major cause of long-term disabilities in many countries. The increasing rate of brain damaged victims and the heterogeneity of impairments decrease rehabilitation effectiveness and competence resulting in higher cost of rehabilitation treatment. On the other hand, traditional rehabilitation exercises are boring, thus leading patients to neglect the prescribed exercises required for recovery. Therefore, we propose game-based approach to address these problems. This paper presents a rehabilitation gaming system (RGS) for cognitive rehabilitation. The RGS is developed based on a proposed conceptual framework which has also been presented in this paper.

https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2015/493562.pdf

A Game System for Cognitive Rehabilitation

Cryptocurrency is a new sort of digital asset that has evolved as a result of advances in financial technology, and it has provided a significant research opportunity. There are many algorithms for price prediction for crypto currencies like LSTM and ARIMA. However, the downside is that LSTM-based RNNs are difficult to comprehend, and gaining intuition into their behavior is tough. In order to produce decent outcomes, rigorous hyperparameter adjustment is also essential. Furthermore, crypto currencies do not precisely adhere to past data, and patterns change fast, reducing the accuracy of predictions. Cryptocurrency price forecasting is difficult due to price volatility and dynamism. Because the data is dynamic and heavily influenced by various seasons, the ARIMA model is unable to handle seasonal data. In order to provide better price predictions for crypto traders, a new model is required. The objective of the study is to apply Fbprophet model as the key model because it is superior in functionality as compared to LSTM and ARIMA additionally removing the pitfalls generated in LSTM and ARIMA model while analyzing the cryptocurrency data. This study provides a methodology for predicting the future price of bitcoin that does not rely solely on past data due to seasonality in historical data. So, after fitting the seasonality and smoothing, the model is constructed that can be useful for real-world use cases. In case of crypto currencies where less historical data is available and it is hard to find pattern, proposed method can easily deal this type of problems. Overall difference between predicted and actual values is low as compared to other model even after seasonal data was available. 

Real-world model for bitcoin price prediction

The purpose of rehabilitation is to improve the movement of stroke patients so that they can independently perform daily tasks on their own. Conventional therapy is a tedious exercise which usually reduces the motivation of the patient to do the exercises. Video game is a way that can motivate and help patients recover their motor skills, and also act as a deterrent pain. Video games have been used in physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and psychotherapy. In order to increase mental satisfaction and physical vitality in rehabilitation therapy, some therapists have tried to use the off-the-shelf digital game devices in rehabilitation and have found effective treatment outcomes in addition to enhancing patients' treatment motivation. Although many studies have been done in this field, there is still lacking the existing recovery game, because too many different demands must be met for each type of therapy. There is one disadvantage at the beginning of the game because patients have difficulty understanding how to use it. The current recovery games are less fun and participative for the user, while the popular games have fewer components to use in rehabilitation training. Furthermore, post-stroke patients find it difficult to get a friend to play or spend time with them every day, which will make them feel isolated. Therefore, rehabilitation exercise games that support multi-player will provide a higher motivation than the single-player. Since most stroke patients suffer from cognitive impairment, cognitive challenge levels are also the key factors in the design of the game so that it does not become an obstacle for the recovery process. Therefore, this study develops a prototype of a rehabilitation exercise game that contains aspects of the social context, the type of movement and cognitive challenges. It also provides usability in game design, according to a post-stroke stage so that they can perform recovery activities based on their ability. In addition, this study highlights technology and rehabilitation exercise games in Malaysia.

Rehabilitation exercise game model for post-stroke using Microsoft Kinect camera

Acquired brain injury is one cause of long-term disability. Serious games can assist in cognitive rehabilitation. However, therapists' perception and feedback will determine game adoption. The objective of this study is to investigate therapists' intention to use serious games for cognitive rehabilitation and identify underlying factors that may affect their acceptance. The respondents are 41 therapists who evaluated a "Ship Game" prototype. Data were collected using survey questionnaire and interview. A seven-point Likert scale was used for items in the questionnaire ranging from (1) "strongly disagree" to (7) "strongly agree". Results indicate that the game is easy to use (Mean=5.83), useful (Mean=5.62), and enjoyable (Mean=5.90). However intention to use is slightly low (Mean=4.60). Significant factors that can affect therapists' intention to use the game were gathered from interviews. Game-based intervention should reflect therapists' needs in order to achieve various rehabilitation goals, providing suitable and meaningful training. Hence, facilities to tailor the game to the patient's ability, needs and constraints are important factors that can increase therapists' intention to use and help to deliver game experience that can motivate patients to undergo the practices needed. Moreover, therapists' supervision, database functionality and quantitative measures regarding a patient's progress also represent crucial factors.

Azrulhizam Shapi'i

Papers

A systematic literature review on obesity: Understanding the causes & consequences of obesity and reviewing various machine learning approaches used to predict obesity.

A Game System for Cognitive Rehabilitation

Real-world model for bitcoin price prediction

Rehabilitation exercise game model for post-stroke using Microsoft Kinect camera

Investigating therapists' intention to use serious games for acquired brain injury cognitive rehabilitation