In general, Micropower Impulse Radar (MIR) depends on Ultra-Wideband (UWB) transmission systems. UWB technology can supply innovative new systems and products that have an obvious value for radar and communications uses. Important applications include bridge-deck inspection systems, ground penetrating radar, mine detection, and precise distance resolution for such things as liquid level measurement. Most of these UWB inspection and measurement methods have some unique qualities, which need to be pursued. Therefore, in considering changes to Part 15 the FCC needs to take into account the unique features of UWB technology. MIR is applicable to two general types of UWB systems: radar systems and communications systems. Currently LLNL and its licensees are focusing on radar or radar type systems. LLNL is evaluating MIR for specialized communication systems. MIR is a relatively low power technology. Therefore, MIR systems seem to have a low potential for causing harmful interference to other users of the spectrum since the transmitted signal is spread over a wide bandwidth, which results in a relatively low spectral power density.

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Response to FCC 98-208 notice of inquiry in the matter of revision of part 15 of the commission's rules regarding ultra-wideband transmission systems

In recent years solar energy has received worldwide attention in the field of renewable energy systems Among the various research thrusts in solar PV, the most proverbial area is extracting maximum power from solar PV system Application dof Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for extracting maximum power is very much appreciated and holds the key in developing efficient solar PV system In this paper, a state of the art review on various maximum power point techniques for solar PV systems covering timeworn conventional methods and latest soft computing algorithms is presented To date critical analysis on each of the method in terms of (1) tracking speed, (2) algorithm complexity, (3) Dynamic tracking under partial shading and (4) hardware implementation is not been carried out In this regard the authors have attempted to compile a comprehensive review on various solar PV MPPT techniques based on the above criteria Further, it is envisaged that the information presented in this review paper will be a valuable gathering of information for practicing engineers as well as for new researchers

A comprehensive review on solar PV maximum power point tracking techniques

Considering the increase of urban population and traffic congestion, smart parking is always a strategic issue to work on, not only in the research field, but also from economic interests. Thanks to information and communication technology evolution, drivers can more efficiently find satisfying parking spaces with smart parking services. The existing and ongoing works on smart parking are complicated and transdisciplinary. While deploying a smart parking system, cities, as well as urban engineers, need to spend a very long time to survey and inspect all the possibilities. Moreover, many varied works involve multiple disciplines, which are closely linked and inseparable. To give a clear overview, we introduce a smart parking ecosystem and propose a comprehensive and thoughtful classification by identifying their functionalities and problematic focuses. We go through the literature over the period of 2000–2016 on parking solutions as they were applied to smart parking development and evolution, and propose three macro-themes: information collection, system deployment, and service dissemination. In each macro-theme, we explain and synthesize the main methodologies used in the existing works and summarize their common goals and visions to solve current parking difficulties. Finally, we give our engineering insights and show some challenges and open issues. Our survey gives an exhaustive study and a prospect in a multidisciplinary approach. Besides, the main findings of the current state-of-the-art throw out recommendations for future research on smart cities and the Internet architecture.

/pdf/a-survey-of-smart-parking-solutions-29hqwxlnoj.pdf

A Survey of Smart Parking Solutions

The modern electric power systems are going through a revolutionary change because of increasing demand of electric power worldwide, developing political pressure and public awareness of reducing carbon emission, incorporating large scale renewable power penetration, and blending information and communication technologies with power system operation. These issues initiated in establishing microgrid concept which has gone through major development and changes in last decade, and recently got a boost in its growth after being blessed by smart grid technologies. The objective of this paper is to presents a detailed technical overview of microgrid and smart grid in light of present development and future trend. First, it discusses microgrid architecture and functions. Then, smart features are added to the microgrid to demonstrate the recent architecture of smart grid. Finally, existing technical challenges, communication features, policies and regulation, etc. are discussed from where the future smart grid architecture can be visualized.

Enhancing smart grid with microgrids: Challenges and opportunities

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Unit Operations Of Chemical Engineering

Soft-Sensing Estimation of Optical Density for PHA Production Using Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network

In this paper, the PID and fuzzy logic controllers are designed to control the pitch and yaw angles of a twin rotor MIMO system (TRMS) in simulation-based platform. Two controllers were used in each case, one for pitch angle and one for yaw angle. The twin rotor MIMO system designed as decoupling system in simplification. The tuned controllers gave a very good response in the simulation. These results will provide a solid base for designing the final optimized real-time controller in the next stages of the research.

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Controlling the Pitch and Yaw Angles of Twin Rotor MIMO System in Simulation-Based Platform using Fuzzy Logic Controller and PID Controller

Flood is a major disaster that happens around the world. It has caused many casualties and massive destruction of property. Estimating the chance of a flood occurring depends on several factors, such as rainfall, the structure and the flow rate of the river. This research used the neural network autoregressive exogenous input (NNARX) model to predict floods. One of the research challenges was to develop accurate models and improve the forecasting model. This research aimed to improve the performance of the neural network model for flood prediction. A new technique was proposed for modelling nonlinear data of flood forecasting using the wavelet decomposition-NNARX approach. This paper discusses the process of identifying the parameters involved to make a forecast as the rainfall value requires the flow rate of the river and its water level. The original data were processed by wavelet decomposition and filtered to generate a new set of data for the NNARX prediction model where the process can be compared. This research compared the performance of the wavelet and the non-wavelet NNARX model. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach had better performance testing results in relation to its counterpart in terms of hourly forecast, with the mean square error (MSE) of 2.0491e-4 m2 compared to 6.1642e -4 m 2 , respectively. The proposed approach was also studied for long-term forecast up to 5 years, where the obtained MSE was higher, i.e., 0.0016 m 2 .

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A Promising Wavelet Decomposition –NNARX Model to Predict Flood: Application to Kelantan River Flood

The extremely high current produced from the lightning strike causes damages to the structures and fatalities to the human and live stock. Information regarding the lightning strikes and the location where it strikes is very useful for the utilities and building developers to select the best location of the project and the most suitable protection scheme for their system. The objective of this paper is to develop a Graphical User Interface (GUI) which can classify the lightning parameters of Peninsular Malaysia into three characteristics: region, level of current and type of lightning. The lightning strike parameters were obtained from the Global Lightning Network (GLN) of WSI Corporation, USA. Fuzzy logic method is used to classify the Peninsular Malaysia into eight regions with the use of ‘IF rule’ to determine the level of current and type of lightning strikes. The lightning parameters are classified into three levels of current: Low, Medium and High current with three different types of lightning: positive lightning, flash and negative lightning. The GUI of desired system is implemented using Microsoft Visual Basic which able to display the characterization process, statistical values, graphs and also the characteristics mapping for the corresponding regions.

Development of the lightning location mapping system using fuzzy logic technique

Herbs have unique characteristics such as colour, texture and odour. In general, herb identification is through organoleptic methods and is heavily dependent on botanists. It is becoming more difficult to identify different herb species in the same family based only on their aroma. It is because of their similar physical appearance and smell. Artificial technology, unlike humans, is thought to have the capacity to identify different species with precision. An instrument used to identify aroma is the electronic nose. It is used in many sector including agriculture. The electronic nose in this project was to identify the odour of 12 species such as lauraceae, myrtaceae and zingiberaceae families. The output captured by the electronic nose gas sensors were classified using two types of artificial intelligent techniques: Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). From the result, ANFIS has 94.8% accuracy compared with ANN at 91.7%.

Azura Che Soh

Papers

Soft-Sensing Estimation of Optical Density for PHA Production Using Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network

Controlling the Pitch and Yaw Angles of Twin Rotor MIMO System in Simulation-Based Platform using Fuzzy Logic Controller and PID Controller

A Promising Wavelet Decomposition –NNARX Model to Predict Flood: Application to Kelantan River Flood

Development of the lightning location mapping system using fuzzy logic technique

Classification of aromatic herbs using artificial intelligent technique