In general, Micropower Impulse Radar (MIR) depends on Ultra-Wideband (UWB) transmission systems. UWB technology can supply innovative new systems and products that have an obvious value for radar and communications uses. Important applications include bridge-deck inspection systems, ground penetrating radar, mine detection, and precise distance resolution for such things as liquid level measurement. Most of these UWB inspection and measurement methods have some unique qualities, which need to be pursued. Therefore, in considering changes to Part 15 the FCC needs to take into account the unique features of UWB technology. MIR is applicable to two general types of UWB systems: radar systems and communications systems. Currently LLNL and its licensees are focusing on radar or radar type systems. LLNL is evaluating MIR for specialized communication systems. MIR is a relatively low power technology. Therefore, MIR systems seem to have a low potential for causing harmful interference to other users of the spectrum since the transmitted signal is spread over a wide bandwidth, which results in a relatively low spectral power density.

/pdf/response-to-fcc-98-208-notice-of-inquiry-in-the-matter-of-3attixctl7.pdf

Response to FCC 98-208 notice of inquiry in the matter of revision of part 15 of the commission's rules regarding ultra-wideband transmission systems

In recent years solar energy has received worldwide attention in the field of renewable energy systems Among the various research thrusts in solar PV, the most proverbial area is extracting maximum power from solar PV system Application dof Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for extracting maximum power is very much appreciated and holds the key in developing efficient solar PV system In this paper, a state of the art review on various maximum power point techniques for solar PV systems covering timeworn conventional methods and latest soft computing algorithms is presented To date critical analysis on each of the method in terms of (1) tracking speed, (2) algorithm complexity, (3) Dynamic tracking under partial shading and (4) hardware implementation is not been carried out In this regard the authors have attempted to compile a comprehensive review on various solar PV MPPT techniques based on the above criteria Further, it is envisaged that the information presented in this review paper will be a valuable gathering of information for practicing engineers as well as for new researchers

A comprehensive review on solar PV maximum power point tracking techniques

Considering the increase of urban population and traffic congestion, smart parking is always a strategic issue to work on, not only in the research field, but also from economic interests. Thanks to information and communication technology evolution, drivers can more efficiently find satisfying parking spaces with smart parking services. The existing and ongoing works on smart parking are complicated and transdisciplinary. While deploying a smart parking system, cities, as well as urban engineers, need to spend a very long time to survey and inspect all the possibilities. Moreover, many varied works involve multiple disciplines, which are closely linked and inseparable. To give a clear overview, we introduce a smart parking ecosystem and propose a comprehensive and thoughtful classification by identifying their functionalities and problematic focuses. We go through the literature over the period of 2000–2016 on parking solutions as they were applied to smart parking development and evolution, and propose three macro-themes: information collection, system deployment, and service dissemination. In each macro-theme, we explain and synthesize the main methodologies used in the existing works and summarize their common goals and visions to solve current parking difficulties. Finally, we give our engineering insights and show some challenges and open issues. Our survey gives an exhaustive study and a prospect in a multidisciplinary approach. Besides, the main findings of the current state-of-the-art throw out recommendations for future research on smart cities and the Internet architecture.

/pdf/a-survey-of-smart-parking-solutions-29hqwxlnoj.pdf

A Survey of Smart Parking Solutions

The modern electric power systems are going through a revolutionary change because of increasing demand of electric power worldwide, developing political pressure and public awareness of reducing carbon emission, incorporating large scale renewable power penetration, and blending information and communication technologies with power system operation. These issues initiated in establishing microgrid concept which has gone through major development and changes in last decade, and recently got a boost in its growth after being blessed by smart grid technologies. The objective of this paper is to presents a detailed technical overview of microgrid and smart grid in light of present development and future trend. First, it discusses microgrid architecture and functions. Then, smart features are added to the microgrid to demonstrate the recent architecture of smart grid. Finally, existing technical challenges, communication features, policies and regulation, etc. are discussed from where the future smart grid architecture can be visualized.

Enhancing smart grid with microgrids: Challenges and opportunities

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Unit Operations Of Chemical Engineering

Adaptive Neural-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) that integrates the best features of fuzzy systems and neural networks has been widely applied in many areas. It can be applied to synthesize controllers, which are able to tune the fuzzy control system automatically, and models that learn from past data to predict future behavior. The aim of this research is to develop an ANFIS traffic signals controller for multilane intersection in order to ease traffic congestions at traffic intersections. The new concept to generate sample data for ANFIS training is introduced in this research. The sample data is generate based on fuzzy rules and can be analysed using tree diagram. This controller is simulated on multilane traffic intersection model developed using M/M/1 queuing theory and its performance in terms of average waiting time, queue length and delay time are compared with traditional controllers and fuzzy controller. Simulation result shows that the average waiting time, queue length, and delay time of ANFIS traffic signal controller are the lowest as compared to the other three controllers. In conclusion, the efficiency and performance of ANFIS controller are much better than that of fuzzy and traditional controllers in different traffic volumes.

/pdf/traffic-signal-control-based-on-adaptive-neural-fuzzy-1puuo5ch28.pdf

Traffic signal control based on Adaptive Neural-Fuzzy Inference System applied to intersection

A comparative study between a conventional DC-link voltage control algorithm (CDVCA) and a self-charging DC-link voltage control algorithm (SDVCA) is presented It focuses on the principle operation of both algorithms and their impacts on the performance of a shunt active power filter (SAPF) operation All analyses are based on the step response of DC-link voltages under different start-up times of the SAPF and different initial DC-link voltage values Other considered parameters are the ripple factor (RP) of DC-link voltages, estimated and measured DC-link charging currents, and total harmonic distortion (THD) value of supply currents Thus, this study provides new insights into the operation of DC-link voltage control using different control algorithms According to the simulation results, the SAPF using the SDVCA has shown better performance than using the CDVCA By using the SDVCA, the charging process of a DC-link capacitor starts almost instantaneously Additionally, the overshoot, settling time, and RF of DC-link voltages are reduced Other than that, THD values of supply currents are improved, by generating low ripple of estimated DC-link charging currents Experimental validation of the SAPF using the SDVCA is also presented

https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/elektrik/issues/elk-17-25-3/elk-25-3-33-1504-17.pdf

Significant insights into the operation of DC-link voltage control of a shunt active power filter using different control algorithms: a comparative study

The future of power system will be highly influenced by Microgrid and Smart Grid with renewable energy resources. A standalone Microgrid suffer by intermittent generation and lack of supply due to harsh environment condition. Demand Side Management (DSM) manipulates demand instead of generation to increase energy efficiency. The existing DSM is developed by utilities including financial incentive plan, load efficiency and etc. to improve load factor. These plans are required adjustment and improvement to meet vulnerable stand-alone system with limited source. Interactive demand responses with SMS and direct access to individual load are introduced for DSM. This work intentionally shows a vulnerable Microgrid system with limited source to highlight the DSM function. DSM controller modeled and simulated in Simulink. The proposed DSM module, isolate the loads based on predefined load priority. Different scenarios for generation units are simulated to test DSM action in different situation. It will reduce unnecessary investment to generation unit expansion and will improve load factor.

/pdf/an-innovative-demand-side-management-for-vulnerable-hybrid-3839vt8zhi.pdf

An innovative demand side management for vulnerable hybrid microgrid

This paper presents a single-phase shunt active power filter with artificial intelligence based algorithms by introducing a new Simplified Adaptive Linear Neuron (ADALINE) algorithm for harmonics extraction. The proposed harmonics extraction is an innovative work over the established algorithm, known as Modified Widrow-Hoff ADALINE algorithm. Three significant major improvements are made by modifying weight updating technique which leads to introduction of fundamental active current updating technique, removing cosine component according to symmetrical theory of periodic signal, and minimizing large average square error by removing sum of elements. The SAPF with the proposed harmonics extraction algorithm was simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. For practical validation, the experimental laboratory prototype was also developed, and the algorithm was implemented using Digital Signal Processor TMS320F28335. Both simulation and experimental tests cover different types of nonlinear loads and dynamic operation of loads. From simulation and experimental results, significant improvements in terms of Total Harmonic Distortion and response time are shown together with comparison analysis with the established algorithm.

/pdf/simplified-adaptive-linear-neuron-harmonics-extraction-4pbrck9hiv.pdf

Simplified Adaptive Linear Neuron Harmonics Extraction Algorithm for Dynamic Performance of Shunt Active Power Filter

This paper represents a miniaturized, dual-polarized, multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) wearable antenna. A vertically polarized, leaf-shaped antenna and a horizontally polarized, tree-shaped antenna are designed, and the performance of each antenna is investigated. After designing the MIMO antenna, it is loaded with stubs, parasitic spiral, and shorting pins to reduce the coupling effects and remove the unwanted resonances. Afterward, the two-port MIMO cells are spaced by 2 mm and rotated by 90° to create three more cells. The antennas are designed using two layers of denim and felt substrates with dielectric constants of 1.2 and 1.8, and thicknesses of 0.5 mm and 0.9 mm, respectively, along with the ShieldIt™ conductive textile. The antenna covers a bandwidth of 4.8–30 GHz when the specific absorption rate (SAR) meets the 1 g and 10 g standards. Isolation greater than 18 dB was obtained and mutual coupling was reduced after integrating shorting pins and spiral parasitic loadings. A maximum radiation efficiency and directive gain of 96% and 5.72 dBi were obtained, respectively, with the relatively small size of 11 × 11 × 1.4 mm3 for the single element and final dimensions of 24 × 24 × 1.4 mm3 for the full assembly. The antenna’s performance was examined for both on-body (breast) and free space conditions using near-field microwave imaging. The achieved results such as high fidelity, low SAR, and accuracy in localization of the tumour indicate that the MIMO antenna is a decent candidate for breast cancer imaging.

Azura Che Soh

Papers

Traffic signal control based on Adaptive Neural-Fuzzy Inference System applied to intersection

Significant insights into the operation of DC-link voltage control of a shunt active power filter using different control algorithms: a comparative study

An innovative demand side management for vulnerable hybrid microgrid

Simplified Adaptive Linear Neuron Harmonics Extraction Algorithm for Dynamic Performance of Shunt Active Power Filter

A Bra Monitoring System Using a Miniaturized Wearable Ultra-Wideband MIMO Antenna for Breast Cancer Imaging