Security Technologies for the World Wide Web

Web portals are being considered as excellent means for conducting teaching and learning activities electronically. The number of online services such as course enrollment, tutoring through online course materials, evaluation and even certification through web portals is increasing day by day. However, the effectiveness of an educational web portal depends on its accessibility to a wide range of students irrespective of their age, and physical abilities. Accessibility of web portals largely depends on their userfriendliness in terms of design, contents, assistive features, and online support. In this paper, we have critically analyzed the web portals of thirty Indian Universities of different categories based on the WCAG 2.0 guidelines. The purpose of this study is to point out the deficiencies that are commonly observed in web portals and help web designers to remove such deficiencies from the academic web portals with a view to enhance their accessibility.

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Accessibility Analysis of Some Indian Educational Web Portals

Over the years, there has been steady increase in tele-density of developing countries which has enabled citizens to access digital services offered by their governments This has not only reduced the digital divide but has become instrumental in realizing m-Governance to a large extent as more and more people have access to cell phones at an affordable cost In keeping with the "Digital India" campaign to empower the citizens by ensuring that government services are made available through online infrastructure and Internet connectivity, a plethora of digital services are being delivered through government portals But, this can have a real impact when common people can access government portals easily, irrespective of their age, culture, disabilities, literacy level etc The accessibility of web portals largely depends on the design of portals as well as the web-browsers being used for the purpose In this paper, we have critically analyzed the accessibility features of fifteen commonly used web browsers for android mobile phones with respect to the UAAG 20 international standards The findings thereof, can guide the designers to improve upon the design of cell phone browsers by taking care of the deficiencies The overall objective is to develop user-friendly web browsers for cell phones enabling diverse user groups to access a wide range of m-Governance services with ease

Analysis of Android Cell Phone Web-Browsers to Facilitate Accessible m-Governance

Web portals are excellent means to connect with people. Governments in many countries are making innovative use of web portals for effective governance. While doing so one of the major requirements is to make the web portals accessible to all citizens irrespective of their background, physical abilities and age. Accessibility of web portals largely depends on their user- friendliness in terms of design, content, assistive features, and online support. In this work, we have evaluated the accessibility features of fifteen prominent Indian government web portals based on two guidelines, viz., Web Component Accessibility Guideline (WCAG 2.0) and Guidelines for Indian Government Websites (GIGW), while the first one is a standard proposed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), the second one is a standard adopted by the Government of India recently. As part of the "Digital India" initiatives, government/semi-government organizations and educational institutions across India have been instructed to redesign their web portals to comply with the accessibility standards at the earliest. Keeping this in view, our work is aimed at finding out deficiencies in some of the frequently used web portals in India with respect to international and national accessibility guidelines. The objective is to help web developers to take care of such deficiencies in web portals so as to meet the expectations of a wide range of user groups.

Accessibility of Indian Government Web Portals with respect to WCAG 2.0 and GIGW Guidelines

With the increase in number of electronic services being delivered through web portals, a lot of emphasis is being given to ensure the quality of web portals in terms of contents and associated design aspects. This has led to studies investigating various requirements of web users and to guidelines for quality enhancement in order to make web portals accessible to all irrespective of one’s age, physical challenges, ethnicity, and level of literacy. In this chapter, the authors address the accessibility issues of web portals based on ongoing research. They analyze the accessibility in three levels (i.e., at the levels of authoring tool, web component, and user-agent). The contents of this chapter can throw light on the design aspects of web portals, web browsers, and media players to make them more suitable for users in general.

Ensuring Quality of Web Portals Through Accessibility Analysis

As more and more services become available on the Internet, the issue of fast and secured access to online resources gains more importance. The growth of the internet has encouraged a high number of people to explore and take advantage of the World Wide Web (www). The window to the World Wide Web is a web browser, hence the development of various web browsers in the market today. A comparative study of four web browsers namely Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera and Netscape was carried out. A web portal developed and fully tested was used to evaluate the performance of the four browsers. The results revealed that Mozilla Firefox and Netscape perform best in down load time, Internet Explorer performs best in memory usage, privacy and security, Mozilla Firefox and Netscape performs best in Page Layout, and Opera
performs best in speed and performance.

Key words: World Wide Web, Internet Browser, W3C, APIs, Milnet

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B Souley

Papers

A Comparative Performance Analysis of Popular Internet Browsers in Current Web Applications