Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) offer the possibilities to design solar cells with a large flexibility in shape, color, and transparency. DSC research groups have been established around the worl ...

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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Perylene imides have been an object of research for 100 years and their derivatives are key n-type semiconductors in the field of organic electronics. While perylene diimides have been applied in many electronic and photonic devices, their use can be traced back to the first efficient organic solar cell. By functionalizing different positions of the in total 12 positions (four peri, four bay, and four ortho-positions) on the perylene core, perylene imides with significantly different optical, electronic and morphological properties may be prepared. Perylene imides and their derivatives have been used in several types of organic photovoltaics, including flat-, and bulk-heterojunction devices as well as dye-sensitized solar cells. Additionally perylene imides-based copolymers or oligomers play an important role in single junction devices. In this review, the relationship between the photovoltaic performance and the structure of perylene imides is discussed.

Perylene imides for organic photovoltaics: yesterday, today, and tomorrow.

The dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) require one or more chemical substituents that can act as an anchor, enabling their adsorption onto a metal oxide substrate. This adsorption provides a means for electron injection, which is the process that initiates the electrical circuit in a DSSC. Understanding the structure of various DSSC anchors and the search for new anchors are critical factors for the development of improved DSSCs. Traditionally, carboxylic acid and cyanoacrylic acid groups are employed as dye anchors in DSSCs. In recent years, novel anchor groups have emerged, which make a larger pool of materials available for DSSC dyes, and their associated physical and chemical characteristics offer interesting effects at the interface between dye and metal oxide. This review focuses especially on the structural aspects of these novel dye anchors for TiO2-based DSSCs, including pyridine, phosphonic acid, tetracyanate, perylene dicarboxylic acid anhydride, 2-hydroxylbenzonitrile, 8-hydroxylquinoline, pyridine-N-oxide, hydroxylpyridium, catechol, hydroxamate, sulfonic acid, acetylacetanate, boronic acid, nitro, tetrazole, rhodanine, and salicylic acid substituents. We anticipate that further exploration and understanding of these new types of anchoring groups for TiO2 substrates will not only contribute to the development of advanced DSSCs, but also of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells, water splitting systems, and other self-assembled monolayer-based technologies.

Anchoring Groups for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Energy will be one of the most important factors to influence human society in the 21st century.1,2 Cost, availability, and sustainability of energy have a significant impact on the quality of our lives, development of global economies, relationships between nations, and the stability of our environment. Scientists are now focusing on the development of renewable energies3 generated from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat. Among these, the sun has the potential to make the largest energy contribution: only one hour of sunshine (3.8 × 1023 kW) is more than enough to satisfy the highest human demand for energy for an entire year (1.6 × 1010 kW in 2005).4-7 Solar cells, also called photovoltaics,8 are devices based on solar technology which convert sunlight directly into electricity under the photovoltaic effect. Becquerel was the first to recognize this effect in 1839, when he shined light * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: muellen@ mpip-mainz.mpg.de. † Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research. ‡ BASF SE. Chen Li studied chemistry and completed his Master’s thesis under the supervision of Professor He Tian at the East China University of Science and Technology in 2003. In 2004, he joined the group of Professor Klaus Müllen at the Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research to work on functional rylene dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells. He received his Ph.D. in 2008 from the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz. Presently he works in the same group as a project leader, and his research interests are functional dyes and pigments as well as their applications.

Polyphenylene-Based Materials for Organic Photovoltaics

Molecular Designs and Syntheses of Organic Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Soluble derivatives of perylene and naphthalene diimide for n-channel organic field-effect transistors

New perylene derivative dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells

This invention relates to a method of solution-processed construction of ambipolar, air stable organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on perylene diimide/imide derivatives that absorb in visible region and the product obtained therefrom. The synthesis, design and application of ambipolar organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on N,N'-bis(dehydroabietyl)-3,4,9,10-perylene diimide (PDI) derivative has shown electron mobility, µe ≈ 7 x 10-5 cm2.V-1.s-1 and hole mobility,µh ≈ 8 x 10-5 cm2.V-1.s-1. Less soluble, air stable, unipolar n-channel OFET based on N-(cyclohexyl) perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic-3,4-anhydride-9,10-imide showed an electron mobility of µe ≈ 10-5 cm2.V-1.s-1.

Perylene imide/diimide based organic field effect transistors-ofets and a method of producing the same

This invention is related to a method of producing titanium oxide films at low temperatures for photo catalytic and photovoltaic applications. The objects of the present invention are: 1)to provide a titanium oxide film at low temperature, on the surface which is modified with dye; 2) to provide a process for producing a titanium oxide film at low temperature, on the surface which is modified with dye; 3)to provide a photo electrochemical cell using a titanium oxide film having a surface which is modified with dye produced at low temperature; 4) to provide a titanium oxide film at low temperature sensitized with dye by adsorbing on the surface and using the same film for photo-catalytic and photo voltaic applications.

A method of producing titanium oxide films at low temperatures for photocatalytic and photovoltaic applications

The ongoing crisis has shown that incumbent food system has been facing challenges. For a resilient and sustainable food system, transitions which shift towards sustainability, attention to  public health and wellbeing as well as inclusiveness is compulsory. To overcome these challenges, driving a stepwise policy transformation, responsive and adaptive policy mixes and addressing citizens to drive sustainability are pivotal. This article represents two roadmaps which are designated for Nilüfer, Bursa. The roadmaps aim at including policy headlines/priorities as well as local needs and plural variations of collectivity to ensure a sustainable food system transition. The roadmaps are composed of two scalar levels one of which is macro-level; Nilüfer Food Policy Roadmap while the other is micro-level; Nilüfer Living Lab Roadmap

https://journals.orclever.com/ejrnd/article/download/87/41

Baha Kuban

Papers

Soluble derivatives of perylene and naphthalene diimide for n-channel organic field-effect transistors

New perylene derivative dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells

Perylene imide/diimide based organic field effect transistors-ofets and a method of producing the same

A method of producing titanium oxide films at low temperatures for photocatalytic and photovoltaic applications

Roadmaps to Foster Urban Food System Transitions: Multi-level Implementations in Nilüfer, Turkey