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Fundamentals Of Engineering Thermodynamics

Review on building energy performance improvement using phase change materials

Abstract This study reviews the current state of the art and the current research activities of high temperature heat pumps (HTHPs) with heat sink temperatures in the range of 90 to 160 °C. The focus is on the analysis of the heat pump cycles and the suitable refrigerants. More than 20 HTHPs from 13 manufacturers have been identified on the market that are able to provide heat sink temperatures of at least 90 °C. Large application potentials have been recognized particularly in the food, paper, metal and chemical industries. The heating capacities range from about 20 kW to 20 MW. Most cycles are single-stage and differ primarily in the refrigerant (e.g. R245fa, R717, R744, R134a or R1234ze(E)) and compressor type used. The COPs range from 2.4 to 5.8 at a temperature lift of 95 to 40 K. Several research projects push the limits of the achievable COPs and heat sink temperatures to higher levels. COPs of about 5.7 to 6.5 (at 30 K lift) and 2.2 and 2.8 (70 K) are achieved at a sink temperature of 120 °C. The refrigerants investigated are mainly R1336mzz(Z), R718, R245fa, R1234ze(Z), R600, and R601. R1336mzz(Z) enables to achieve exceptionally high heat sink temperatures of up to 160 °C.

High Temperature Heat Pumps: Market Overview, Stateof the Art, Research Status, Refrigerants, and Application Potentials

Review on improvement for air source heat pump units during frosting and defrosting

Due to personal and environmental safeties along with various advantages, CO2 became a potential choice as working fluid for both heat engine and heat pump cycles. Because of better temperature glide matching between heat source and working fluid during heat addition leading to no pinch limitation, CO2 has been proposed recently as working fluid for supercritical Rankine cycle with low grade heat sources. Supercritical Rankine cycle and its various working fluids, heat sources, heat sinks and analysis approaches, and performance analyses and optimization of various supercritical CO2 Rankine cycle configurations along with comparison with other working fluids, prototype development, component design and challenges are well-grouped and discussed. Supercritical CO2 Rankine cycle is superior to both steam and organic Rankine cycles, whereas yields mix results compared to other fluids in supercritical Rankine cycle with system compactness and environmental benefit as unique advantages. Future research pathways regarding to system components, experimentation, operating parameter optimizations, control strategies, etc. are discussed as well. Although, there is no supercritical CO2 Rankine cycle in operation up to now, it is becoming a future pathway due to its promising research outcomes and this review will be useful for further progress.

Review and future trends of supercritical CO2 Rankine cycle for low-grade heat conversion

The invention discloses a CO2 refrigerating and heating integrated system capable of performing mechanical assisted super-cooling through a non-azeotropic working medium. Non-azeotropic mixed steam compression cycle is combined with CO2 trans-critical cycle; the non-azeotropic working medium has temperature glide in a phase-change process; one path of return water flows through a condenser which is assisted by the non-azeotropic working medium to circulate, the other path of return water flows through a CO2-cycle gas cooler to heat, temperature difference of inlets and outlets of two paths ofwater is relatively small, and relatively good temperature matching is formed between an assisted-cycle non-azeotropic mixed working medium condensing process and a CO2 fluid cooling process. Very good temperature matching is formed between a non-azeotropic refrigerant evaporating process and a trans-critical CO2 fluid cooling process, heat-exchange irreversible loss in the condenser, a gas coolerand a cooling evaporator can be greatly reduced through a combined heating system, compressor input power can be reduced by recycling expansion work through an expanding machine, and efficient operation of CO2 refrigerating and heating integrated system is guaranteed.

CO2 refrigerating and heating integrated system capable of performing mechanical assisted super-cooling through non-azeotropic working medium

-based energy systems are seldomly demonstrated and there is a lack of experimental study to identify their potential. This explores the thermo-economic analysis of the CO 2 -based standalone and cogeneration energy systems for cooling, heating and power, experimental investigation on the systems and the key components of such systems, and other relevant advanced energy systems. It concludes with six peer-reviewed journal papers to promote research, sharing and development.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2022.993093/pdf

Editorial: CO2-based energy systems for cooling, heating, and power

Negative carbon optimal scheduling of integrated energy system using a non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm

Study on discharging characteristics of solid heat storage bricks: Experiment and simulation

Corrigendum to “Hybrid solar energy and waste heat driving absorption subcooling supermarket CO2 refrigeration system: Energetic, carbon emission and economic evaluation in China” [Sol. Energy 247 (2022) 123–145]

Baomin Dai

Papers

CO2 refrigerating and heating integrated system capable of performing mechanical assisted super-cooling through non-azeotropic working medium

Editorial: CO2-based energy systems for cooling, heating, and power

Negative carbon optimal scheduling of integrated energy system using a non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm

Study on discharging characteristics of solid heat storage bricks: Experiment and simulation

Corrigendum to “Hybrid solar energy and waste heat driving absorption subcooling supermarket CO2 refrigeration system: Energetic, carbon emission and economic evaluation in China” [Sol. Energy 247 (2022) 123–145]