Showing papers by "Barbara A. Gower published in 2007"
TL;DR: The hypothesis that visceral adiposity compared with general adiposity would explain more of the variance in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors was tested.
Abstract: Objective: We tested the hypothesis that visceral adiposity, compared with general adiposity, would explain more of the variance in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors.
Research Method and Procedures: Subjects were 464 adolescents (238 black and 205 girls). Adiposity measures included visceral adipose tissue (VAT; magnetic resonance imaging), percent body fat (%BF; DXA), BMI, and waist girth (anthropometry). CVD risk factors were fasting insulin, fibrinogen, total to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio, triglycerides (TGs), systolic blood pressure, and left ventricular mass indexed to height2.7.
Results: After adjustment for age, race, and sex, all adiposity indices explained significant proportions of the variance in all of the CVD risk factors; %BF tended to explain more variance than VAT. Regression models that included both %BF and VAT found that both indices explained independent proportions of the variance only for total to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio. For TGs, the model that included both %BF and VAT found that only VAT was significant. For systolic blood pressure and left ventricular mass indexed to height2.7, anthropometric measures explained more of the variance than VAT and %BF.
Discussion: The hypothesis that visceral adiposity would explain more variance in CVD risk than general adiposity was not supported in this relatively large sample of black and white adolescents. Only for TGs did it seem that VAT was more influential than %BF. Perhaps the deleterious effect of visceral adiposity becomes greater later in life as it increases in proportion to general adiposity.
72 citations
TL;DR: The accuracy of the HB formula to predict dietary energy needs was affected by weight history status and ethnicity, and formulas used to calculate energy needs should take into account weight history and ethnicity.
45 citations
TL;DR: Correlation of Si with elements of the metabolic syndrome differed with ethnic group, and fasting insulin, rather than Si, best predicted most elements ofThe metabolic syndrome.
Abstract: Background: The objectives of the present study were, within a group of 322 healthy European American (EA) and African American (AA) women, to, (1) determine the extent to which insulin sensitivity...
28 citations
TL;DR: These data show that snack type affects cardiovascular health, and consuming snack chips rich in PUFA and low in saturated or trans fatty acids instead of high-saturated fatty acid and trans fatty acid or low-fat snacks leads to improvements in lipid profiles concordant with reductions in cardiovascular disease risk.
25 citations
TL;DR: Independent of AFADM, individuals with IGF-I189 are more likely to have low leg lean mass and to perform better in activities requiring exercise economy and endurance performance.
12 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that IMCL content is not modulated by dietary fat type but by total fat intake and that reducing fat intake effectively lowers IMCL, however, the metabolic implications of having lower IMCL concentrations are not clear.
11 citations