/pdf/guide-to-the-care-and-use-of-experimental-animals-c8690qwe1h.pdf

Guide to the care and use of experimental animals

https://www.paardenwelzijnscheck.nl/app/webroot/files/ckeditor_files/files/Gezondheid%20en%20gedrag/Mason%20(1991)%20Stereotypies%20-%20A%20critical%20review.pdf

Stereotypies: a critical review.

https://www.reed.edu/biology/professors/srenn/pages/teaching/2008_syllabus/2008_readings/1_MorganTromborg2008.pdf

Sources of stress in captivity

To study animal welfare empirically we need an objective basis for deciding when an animal is suffering. Suffering includes a wide range ofunpleasant emotional states such as fear, boredom, pain, and hunger. Suffering has evolved as a mechanism for avoiding sources ofdanger and threats to fitness. Captive animals often suffer in situations in which they are prevented from doing something that they are highly motivated to do. The “price” an animal is prepared to pay to attain or to escape a situation is an index ofhow the animal “feels” about that situation. Withholding conditions or commodities for which an animal shows “inelastic demand” (i.e., for which it continues to work despite increasing costs) is very likely to cause suffering. In designing environments for animals in zoos, farms, and laboratories, priority should be given to features for which animals show inelastic demand. The care ofanimals can thereby be based on an objective, animal-centered assessment of their needs.

From an animal's point of view: Motivation, fitness, and animal welfare.

Environmental enrichment: increasing the biological relevance of captive environments

The notion of ethological need, models of motivation and animal-welfare

Any books that you read, no matter how you got the sentences that have been read from the books, surely they will give you goodness. But, we will show you one of recommendation of the book that you need to read. This poultry behaviour and welfare is what we surely mean. We will show you the reasonable reasons why you need to read this book. This book is a kind of precious book written by an experienced author.

Poultry Behaviour and Welfare

Part One Poultry production: origins and biology poultry industry environment husbandry systems economics public opinion and legislation. Part Two Behaviour management and welfare: control of behaviour feeding and drinking social behaviour reproduction egg laying movement and maintenance conclusions references index.

Poultry Production Systems: Behaviour, Management and Welfare

1 A 3-year trial was carried out of cages for laying hens, occupying a full laying house The main cage designs used were 5000 cm2 in area, 50 cm high at the rear and furnished with nests and perches F cages had a front rollaway nest at the side, lined with artificial turf FD cages also had a dust bath containing sand over the nest H cages had two nest hollows at the side, one in front of the other They were compared with conventional cages 2500 cm2 in area and 38 cm high at the rear 2 Cages were stocked with from 4 to 8 ISA Brown hens per cage, resulting in varied allowances of area, feeder and perch per bird No birds were beak trimmed In F and FD cages two further treatments were applied: nests and dust baths were sometimes fitted with gates to exclude birds from dust baths in the morning and from both at night; elevated food troughs, with a lip 33 cm above the cage floor, were compared with standard troughs 3 Management of the house was generally highly successful, with temperature control achieved by ventilation Egg production was above breeders' standards and not significantly affected by cage design More eggs per bird were collected when there were fewer birds per cage but food consumption also then tended to be higher 4 The number of downgraded eggs was variable, with some tendency for more in furnished cages Eggs laid in dust baths were often downgraded Those laid at the back of the cage were frequently dirty because of accumulation of droppings H nests were unsuccessful, with less than 50% of eggs laid in the nest hollows However, up to 93% of eggs were laid in front rollaways, and few of these were downgraded 5 Feather and foot damage were generally less in furnished than in conventional cages, greater where there were more birds per cage With an elevated food trough there was less feather damage but more overgrowth of claws In year 2, mortality was greater in cages with more birds 6 Pre-laying behaviour was mostly settled in front rollaway nests Dust baths were used more for pecking and scratching than for dust bathing Comfort behaviour was more frequent in furnished cages than conventional, although still not frequent Locomotion was strongly affected by number of birds per cage or by space per bird, being reduced by crowding Most birds perched at night except in one treatment providing only 107 cm perch per bird 7 Behaviour was more unrestricted and varied, and physical condition was better, in furnished than in conventional cages However, egg production will cost more in furnished cages, partly because more eggs are downgraded Dust baths must be fitted with gates that the birds cannot open from outside, but gates for nest boxes were found unnecessary If a low perch is fitted it must be far enough from the back of the cage for birds to walk there 8 Where there was less space per bird (more birds per cage) than the requirements in the 1999 European Commission Directive on laying hens, there were: fewer eggs per hen, but still above the breeders' target; lower food consumption; more feather and foot damage, but less than in conventional cages; higher mortality in one trial out of three; less freedom of movement However, the results were still very good even with 8 birds per cage, and support the principle that furnished cages provide an acceptable way of protecting the welfare of laying hens

Development of furnished cages for laying hens

1. ISA Brown hens were caged in groups of 4 from 20 to 72 weeks at 675 cm2/bird. A control treatment in conventional cages was compared with 4 treatments involving softwood perches. In deep cages they were located across the front, across the rear and across both; in wide, shallow cages there was one long perch across the front. For half of each treatment perches were circular in cross section, and for half they were rectangular. 2. Time spent overall in daytime perching was relatively consistent over the laying cycle, from 47% in period 1 to 41% in period 10. Perch arrangement had a major influence on perching time, which varied from 20% on the rear perch to 85% on the long perch. Predominant activities on front perches were feeding and drinking; on rear perches, preening and resting. 3. Perches were heavily used for roosting at night: the proportion varied from 60 to 72% on front or rear perches, through 72 to 78% on long perches, and 99% on two perches. 4. Physical condition was also affected ...

Barry O. Hughes

Papers

The notion of ethological need, models of motivation and animal-welfare

Poultry Behaviour and Welfare

Poultry Production Systems: Behaviour, Management and Welfare

Development of furnished cages for laying hens

Effect of perches in laying cages on welfare and production of hens