2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/preview/1797952/1-s2.0-S0140673618322797-main.pdf

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/164632/2/01_Bin%2bSayeed_Global%252C_regional%252C_and_national_2018.pdf

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, andyears lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematicanalysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

WRITING GROUP MEMBERS Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, SCM, FAHA Michael J. Blaha, MD, MPH Stephanie E. Chiuve, ScD Mary Cushman, MD, MSc, FAHA Sandeep R. Das, MD, MPH, FAHA Rajat Deo, MD, MTR Sarah D. de Ferranti, MD, MPH James Floyd, MD, MS Myriam Fornage, PhD, FAHA Cathleen Gillespie, MS Carmen R. Isasi, MD, PhD, FAHA Monik C. Jiménez, ScD, SM Lori Chaffin Jordan, MD, PhD Suzanne E. Judd, PhD Daniel Lackland, DrPH, FAHA Judith H. Lichtman, PhD, MPH, FAHA Lynda Lisabeth, PhD, MPH, FAHA Simin Liu, MD, ScD, FAHA Chris T. Longenecker, MD Rachel H. Mackey, PhD, MPH, FAHA Kunihiro Matsushita, MD, PhD, FAHA Dariush Mozaffarian, MD, DrPH, FAHA Michael E. Mussolino, PhD, FAHA Khurram Nasir, MD, MPH, FAHA Robert W. Neumar, MD, PhD, FAHA Latha Palaniappan, MD, MS, FAHA Dilip K. Pandey, MBBS, MS, PhD, FAHA Ravi R. Thiagarajan, MD, MPH Mathew J. Reeves, PhD Matthew Ritchey, PT, DPT, OCS, MPH Carlos J. Rodriguez, MD, MPH, FAHA Gregory A. Roth, MD, MPH Wayne D. Rosamond, PhD, FAHA Comilla Sasson, MD, PhD, FAHA Amytis Towfighi, MD Connie W. Tsao, MD, MPH Melanie B. Turner, MPH Salim S. Virani, MD, PhD, FAHA Jenifer H. Voeks, PhD Joshua Z. Willey, MD, MS John T. Wilkins, MD Jason HY. Wu, MSc, PhD, FAHA Heather M. Alger, PhD Sally S. Wong, PhD, RD, CDN, FAHA Paul Muntner, PhD, MHSc On behalf of the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

Author(s): Writing Group Members; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Benjamin, Emelia J; Go, Alan S; Arnett, Donna K; Blaha, Michael J; Cushman, Mary; Das, Sandeep R; de Ferranti, Sarah; Despres, Jean-Pierre; Fullerton, Heather J; Howard, Virginia J; Huffman, Mark D; Isasi, Carmen R; Jimenez, Monik C; Judd, Suzanne E; Kissela, Brett M; Lichtman, Judith H; Lisabeth, Lynda D; Liu, Simin; Mackey, Rachel H; Magid, David J; McGuire, Darren K; Mohler, Emile R; Moy, Claudia S; Muntner, Paul; Mussolino, Michael E; Nasir, Khurram; Neumar, Robert W; Nichol, Graham; Palaniappan, Latha; Pandey, Dilip K; Reeves, Mathew J; Rodriguez, Carlos J; Rosamond, Wayne; Sorlie, Paul D; Stein, Joel; Towfighi, Amytis; Turan, Tanya N; Virani, Salim S; Woo, Daniel; Yeh, Robert W; Turner, Melanie B; American Heart Association Statistics Committee; Stroke Statistics Subcommittee

Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

The process of urbanization can be described as one of the major global environmental changes directly affecting human health. Yet, the investigation of global rural-urban environments across regions and across continents has not been adequately considered in health studies, despite the comingled global, regional, national and sub-national influences on urban and rural differences in health over time and space. This study contributes to fill this gap by using aggregate data on 217 national populations from 86 countries over a historical period from 1985 to 2009. These 86 countries from Africa, Asia, Latin America and Europe capture various contexts of demographic, epidemiological and health landscapes over the past 25 years. Within a multilevel framework, these country-level longitudinally constructed data are nested within regions within continents around the world. Our research questions concern the changes over time (between 1985 and 2009) and space (across countries nested within four continents and 13 regions within the latter) in covariates of infant mortality in urban environments compared with rural environments, while addressing issues of variability in exposure and outcome variables. While studies have consistently identified clustering of poor health and mortality in urban areas, relatively little research has examined how stable space–time clustering are over an extended period of time. Our study proposes the integration of spatial and temporal analysis to explicitly model the possible patterns and changes in space–time clustering as well as the extent of disparities in infant survival between urban and rural areas, in order to more fully inform the policy makers and researchers about their dynamics. We found that unmet need for family planning is a major determinant of urban disadvantage in child survival among urban populations, that infant mortality rates in national urban populations are closely linked to poverty, that exclusive breastfeeding is a strong protective factor in urban environments whereas it has no significant effects in rural populations, and that there are important and significant variations in urban populations across countries within regions or continents and across waves of surveys within countries. This chapter considers the subject of urban versus rural health inequalities within the discussions of urban poverty and rural-urban differences in health, and provides an enlightened understanding on such distinct inequalities.

Estimating Area-Based Influences on Urban-Rural Inequalities in Health Outcomes: A Longitudinal Multilevel Epidemiological Investigation

Hypertension and diabetes are chronic noncommunicable diseases ranked among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in resource-limited settings. Interventions based on patient empowerment (PE) have been shown to be effective in the management of these diseases by improving a variety of important health outcomes. This study aims to examine from the healthcare providers' and policymakers' experiences and perspectives, the facilitators and barriers in the management of hypertension and diabetes for patient empowerment to achieve better health outcomes in the context of the healthcare system in Cameroon.We carried out a qualitative study involving three levels of embedded analysis in a public primary healthcare delivery system in Cameroon, through 22 semi-structural interviews with healthcare providers and policymakers and 36 observations of physicians' consultations. We combined thematic and lexicometric analyses to identify robust patterns of differences and similarities in the experiences and perspectives of healthcare providers and policymakers about direct and indirect factors associated with patients' self-management of disease.We identified 89 barriers and 42 facilitators at the central, organizational, and individual levels; they were preponderant at the organizational level. Factors identified by healthcare providers mainly related to self-management of the disease at the organizational and individual levels, whereas policymakers reported factors chiefly at the central and organizational levels. Healthcare providers involved in the decision-making process for the delivery of healthcare tended to have a sense of ownership and responsibility over what they were doing to help patients develop self-management abilities to control their disease.While interventions focused on improving patient-level factors are essential to PE, there is a need for interventions paying more attention to organizational and political barriers to PE than so far. Interventions targeting simultaneously these multilevel factors may be more effective than single-level interventions. 

/pdf/healthcare-providers-and-policymakers-experiences-and-jyjsfp84.pdf

Healthcare providers’ and policymakers’ experiences and perspectives on barriers and facilitators to chronic disease self-management for people living with hypertension and diabetes in Cameroon

OBJECTIFS : Evaluer le role des commodites familiales dans l’occurrence de la diarrhee chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans en Haiti, selon leur type (eau potable, toilettes et refrigerateur) et leur nombre. METHODE : Nous avons mis en commun les donnees de quatre Enquetes demographiques et de sante realisees en Haiti entre 1994–1995 et 2012. Nous avons retenu un echantillon de 14 481 enfants de 1–59 mois. Nous avons evalue le role des commodites familiales dans l’occurrence de la diarrhee selon le groupe d’âge d’enfants a risque (1–5; 6–11; 12–23; 24–59 mois), au moyen des modeles de regression logistique. RESULTATS : La prevalence de la diarrhee chez les enfants de 1–59 mois en Haiti est estimee a 29,31 %. Elle atteint 42,14 % chez les enfants de 6–11 mois. Elle est plus faible pour les enfants dont les familles ont acces a une eau potable amelioree, des toilettes ameliorees ou un refrigerateur. Elle est d’autant plus faible que les familles possedent au moins deux commodites simultanement. Nous ne trouvons pas de differences significatives dans l’occurrence de la diarrhee infanto-juvenile selon l’acces a l’eau potable ( p > 0,10). Prenant en compte l’effet de periode, une occurrence reduite de la diarrhee est significativement associee aux toilettes ameliorees chez les enfants de 24–59 mois (RC : 0,62; p < 0,05) et au refrigerateur chez les 6–11 mois (RC : 0,11; p < 0,05). Pour le nombre de commodites, seuls les 24–59 mois ayant au moins deux commodites ont une occurrence de la diarrhee statistiquement inferieure de celle des plus defavorises (RC : 0,45; p < 0,05). CONCLUSION : Augmenter l’acces aux commodites familiales et leur nombre par menage demeure essentiel dans la lutte contre la diarrhee en Haiti. Une intervention integree serait donc a preconiser dans l’environnement sociosanitaire haitien.

/pdf/commodites-familiales-et-sante-des-enfants-de-moins-de-cinq-4q87x5383e.pdf

Barthelemy Kuate Defo

Papers

Estimating Area-Based Influences on Urban-Rural Inequalities in Health Outcomes: A Longitudinal Multilevel Epidemiological Investigation

Healthcare providers’ and policymakers’ experiences and perspectives on barriers and facilitators to chronic disease self-management for people living with hypertension and diabetes in Cameroon

Commodités Familiales et Santé Des Enfants De Moins De Cinq Ans En Haïti