A prevalent and pervasive view of designing is that it can be modeled using variables and decisions made about what values should be taken by these variables. The activity of designing is carried out with the expectation that the designed artifact will operate in the natural world and the social world. These worlds impose constraints on the variables and their values; so, design could be described as a goal-oriented, constrained, decision- making activity. However, design distinguish- es itself from other similarly described activities not only by its domain but also by additional necessary features. Designing involves exploration, exploring what variables might be appropriate. The process of explo- ration involves both goal variables and deci- sion variables. In addition, designing involves learning: Part of the exploration activity is learning about emerging features as a design proceeds. Finally, design activity occurs within two contexts: the context within which the designer operates and the context produced by the developing design itself. The designer’s perception of what the context is affects the implication of the context on the design. The context shifts as the designer’s perceptions change. Design activity can be now characterized as a goal-oriented, con- strained, decision-making, exploration, and learning activity that operates within a con- text that depends on the designer’s percep- tion of the context.

Design Prototypes: A Knowledge Representation Schema for Design

我的台灣, 看見心靈的故鄉 =2009林磐聳藝術與設計展

http://spiral.imperial.ac.uk/bitstream/10044/1/968/1/Progressive%20Collapse%20of%20Multi-Storey%20Buildings_I.pdf

Progressive collapse of multi-storey buildings due to sudden column loss — Part I: Simplified assessment framework

Tensor Analysis of Networks. By Gabriel Kron. Pp. xxix, 635. 70s. 1965. (Macdonald)

Static pushover versus dynamic collapse analysis of RC buildings

This chapter addresses the influence of non-structural masonry infill on the resistance of multi-storey buildings to progressive collapse under sudden column loss scenarios. The realistic contribution of masonry panels towards collapse arrest is examined considering the results from full-scale laboratory tests and accurate numerical simulations. Novel real-scale tests are performed on different two-bay frames with brick-masonry infill subjected to incremental pushdown deformation, capturing the dominant deformation mode actually found following removal of an edge column. Different infill configurations are tested, including central openings and initial gaps between masonry and frame elements. In structural design, Unreinforced Masonry infill panels are often assumed as nonstructural components, neglecting their potential contribution when assessing the integrity of the primary structure. The objective is to quantify the pushdown capacity of the confined masonry panels under pushdown deformation and identify the typical response mechanisms.

Contribution of masonry cladding for robustness enhancement of multi-storey buildings under sudden column loss

This paper describes simplified and advanced methods which can be used in the evaluation of the blast resistance of offshore structures and individual components. For component analysis, improvements to single degree of freedom procedures are suggested, which enable the efficient modelling of the strain-rate effect and the beam-column action. For assemblages, adaptive nonlinear analysis procedures supplement the accuracy of the nonlinear finite element method with considerable computational and modelling savings, rendering its application practicable. Several comparative examples are presented in this paper which illustrate the applicability and relative accuracy of the various methods. Received March 12, 1996: revised manuscript received by the editors December 31, 1996. The original version (prior to the final revised manuscript) was presented at the Sixth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-96), Los Angeles, USA, May 26-31, 1996.

Response of Offshore Structures to Explosion Loading

A substantial part of the underline bridges that belong to the asset collection of the main railway and roadway infrastructure operators in the UK and Europe have the structural shape of arches, ty...

https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/pdf/10.1680/jencm.20.00028

Numerical modelling of three-dimensional masonry arch bridge structures

Dynamic Debris Loading in Flat Plate and Steel Framed Buildings

This paper describes a plan-based framework that can be configured for design in different domains. The case for design by planning is argued by examining the requirements of an adequate framework for design and showing how the planning approach satisfies the requirements. Using the plan-based framework, the knowledge requirements of design, design transformations, multiagent design, learning, and creativity are explored. Multiagent design can be realized through delegated planning; and learning, through the chunking of successful design plans into summary plan operators. Routine design is shown to be equivalent to the reuse of stored design plans as summary plan operators; innovative design, to the combination and modification of previous plans; and creative design, to the automatic creation of new plan operators from domain axioms. An example of the conceptual/preliminary design of a light industrial building performed by a prototype plan-based system is described.

Bassam A. Izzuddin

Papers

Contribution of masonry cladding for robustness enhancement of multi-storey buildings under sudden column loss

Response of Offshore Structures to Explosion Loading

Numerical modelling of three-dimensional masonry arch bridge structures

Dynamic Debris Loading in Flat Plate and Steel Framed Buildings

A plan based framework for design: methodologic foundations