https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307%2F3343168.pdf

Development as Freedom

http://www.oni.uerj.br/media/downloads/1-s2.0-S0048733399000554-main.pdf

The dynamics of innovation: from national systems and "Mode" 2 to a triple helix of university-industry-government relations.

A central part of the innovation process concerns the way firms go about organizing search for new ideas that have commercial potential. New models of innovation have suggested that many innovative firms have changed the way they search for new ideas, adopting open search strategies that involve the use of a wide range of external actors and sources to help them achieve and sustain innovation. Using a large-scale sample of industrial firms, this paper links search strategy to innovative performance, finding that searching widely and deeply is curvilinearly (taking an inverted U-shape) related to performance. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

/pdf/open-for-innovation-the-role-of-openness-in-explaining-2llii2909h.pdf

Open for innovation: the role of openness in explaining innovation performance among U.K. manufacturing firms

Abstract The Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations is compared with alternative models for explaining the current research system in its social contexts. Communications and negotiations between institutional partners generate an overlay that increasingly reorganizes the underlying arrangements. The institutional layer can be considered as the retention mechanism of a developing system. For example, the national organization of the system of innovation has historically been important in determining competition. Reorganizations across industrial sectors and nation states, however, are induced by new technologies (biotechnology, ICT). The consequent transformations can be analyzed in terms of (neo-)evolutionary mechanisms. University research may function increasingly as a locus in the “laboratory” of such knowledge-intensive network transitions.

The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and

Boschma R. A. (2005) Proximity and innovation: a critical assessment, Regional Studies39, 61-74. A key issue in economic geography is to determine the impact of geographical proximity on interactive learning and innovation. We argue that the importance of geographical proximity cannot be assessed in isolation, but should always be examined in relation to other dimensions of proximity that may provide alternative solutions to the problem of coordination. We claim that geographical proximity per se is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for learning to take place. Nevertheless, it facilitates interactive learning, most likely by strengthening the other dimensions of proximity. However, proximity may also have negative impacts on innovation due to the problem of lock-in. Accordingly, not only too little, but also too much proximity may be detrimental to interactive learning and innovation. This may be the case for all five dimensions of proximity discussed in the paper, i.e. cognitive, organizatio...

Proximity and Innovation: A Critical Assessment

Part 1 Towards a new approach to national systems of innovation: institutional learning, Bjorn Johnson user-producer relationships and national systems of innovation, Bengt-Ake Lundvall approaching national systems of innovation from the production and linkage structure, Esben Sloth Andersen. Part 2 A closer look at national systems of innovation: work organization and the innovation design dilemma, Allan Naes Gjerding innovation and the development of industrial networks, Lars Gelsing the public sector as a pacer in national systems of innovation, Birgitte Gregersen the role of finance in national systems of innovation, Jesper Lindgaard Christensen national systems of education and vocational training, Jarl Bengtsson formal scientific and technical institutions in the national system of innovation, Christopher Freeman. Part 3 Opening national systems of innovation - specialization, multinational corporations and integration: export specialization, structural competitiveness and national systems of innovation, Bent Dalum the home market hypothesis re-examined - the impact of domestic user-producer interaction on export specialization, Jan Fragerberg national systems of innovation, multinational enterprises and the contemporary process of globalization, Francois Chesnais integration, innovation and policy with special respect to EC and IT, Esben Sloth-Andersen and Asger Braendgaard perspectives and policy conclusions, Bengt-Ake Lundvall et al.

National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning

National Systems of Innovation

Modern economies can be characterised as ‘learning economies’ in which knowledge is the crucial resource and learning is the most important process. Different kinds of learning and economically relevant types of knowledge can likewise be identified. It is argued that pure market economies, if such existed, would have severe problems in terms of learning and innovation. The ‘learning economy’ is a mixed economy in a fundamental sense.

Bengt-Åke Lundvall

Papers

National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning

National Systems of Innovation

The Learning Economy

Forms of knowledge and modes of innovation

National systems of production, innovation and competence building