介绍了Kirk—Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology（化工技术百科全书）（第五版）电子图书网络版数据库，并对该数据库使用方法和检索途径作出了说明，且结合实例简单地介绍了该数据库的检索方法。

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology数据库介绍及实例

As a renewable, sustainable and alternative fuel for compression ignition engines, biodiesel instead of diesel has been increasingly fueled to study its effects on engine performances and emissions in the recent 10 years. But these studies have been rarely reviewed to favor understanding and popularization for biodiesel so far. In this work, reports about biodiesel engine performances and emissions, published by highly rated journals in scientific indexes, were cited preferentially since 2000 year. From these reports, the effect of biodiesel on engine power, economy, durability and emissions including regulated and non-regulated emissions, and the corresponding effect factors are surveyed and analyzed in detail. The use of biodiesel leads to the substantial reduction in PM, HC and CO emissions accompanying with the imperceptible power loss, the increase in fuel consumption and the increase in NOx emission on conventional diesel engines with no or fewer modification. And it favors to reduce carbon deposit and wear of the key engine parts. Therefore, the blends of biodiesel with small content in place of petroleum diesel can help in controlling air pollution and easing the pressure on scarce resources without significantly sacrificing engine power and economy. However, many further researches about optimization and modification on engine, low temperature performances of engine, new instrumentation and methodology for measurements, etc., should be performed when petroleum diesel is substituted completely by biodiesel.

http://www.abe-research.illinois.edu/pubs/T_Grift/EffectOfBiodieselOnEnginePerformancesAndEmissions.pdf

Effect of biodiesel on engine performances and emissions

https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc841162/m2/1/high_res_d/1004212.pdf

Biofuel alternatives to ethanol: pumping the microbial well

Metabolic engineering of microbial pathways for advanced biofuels production.

Due to the shortage of the conventional fossil fuels and air pollution from combustion, new, sustainable and cleaner fuel resources are urgently required. Biodiesel has been introduced as a potential and alternative fuel for years. Biodiesel can be produced from different sources such as vegetable oils, animal fat, waste oil, etc. All of them are renewable and do not affect the food security. When biodiesel is used as a fuel resource for diesel engines, the performance and emission characteristics such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake power are almost maintained while hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) is decreased significantly. However, higher NOx concentration is observed. This disadvantage of using biodiesel or biofuels in general is improved in recent years. The purpose of this work is to do a comprehensive investigation of different approaches applying to biodiesel fueled engine like biodiesel additives, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), water injection (WI), emulsion technology (ET), injection strategy modification, simultaneous technologies (ST), combustion chamber geometry modification and low temperature combustion (LTC) mode. By the way, the impacts of these technologies on engine performance and emission characteristics are summarized. Upon the comparison, using LTC mode is more efficient and feasible than the others. It can reduce both NOx and PM emissions simultaneously by up to 95% and 98%, respectively, while engine performance is slightly reduced. Looking inside the LTC mode, the most efficient model is the reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion system. Applying RCCI combustion model might lead to the increase of CO and HC emissions, but this issue can be easily solved by using some available technologies.

Effect of different technologies on combustion and emissions of the diesel engine fueled with biodiesel: A review

Alternative fuels have been developed for standard spark ignition engines. The fuels, which contain generic bio-components, maintain all the advantages of ethanol, i.e. the ability to incre...

An Alternative Fuel for Spark Ignition Engines

Alternative fuels have been developed for the commercial diesel products Mk1 and EN590. Appropriate additives were selected from a broad range of oxygenates including alcohols, acetals, eth...

Alternative Fuel for a Standard Diesel Engine

Choosing the right solvent is critical for many industrial applications. A useful property for selection of solvents is their solubility parameters. This concept of solubility parameters is central to this thesis and has been used in two different case studies of material treatment applications. Silicone rubber (crosslinked poly(dimethyl siloxane), PDMS) has many favorable material properties making it useful in biomedical devices. However, a limiting aspect of its material properties is a hydrophobic surface. The aim of this work was to prepare a hydrophilic PDMS material while retaining the transparency of the material. To do this, PDMS was combined with a hydrophilic polymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN). A two-step IPN synthesis method was developed and it was found that the solvent used for polymerization of PVP had a significant influence on the water-wettability and the transparency of the PVP/PDMS IPN. Several different analytical techniques were used for determining the degree of phase separation in the PVP/PDMS IPN. It was found, by using microscopy techniques, that the PVP phase domains varied between 200 nm up to a few micrometers, and the size of the phase domains was correlated to the solvent used for polymerization of the IPN. The second topic for which solvent effects were explored was for the use of mesoporous silica particles as potential drug delivery devices. In the present work a drug molecule, ibuprofen, was loaded into mesoporous silica particles using different solvents, and in addition adsorption isotherms were established in each solvent. The maximum loading of ibuprofen in the mesoporous material was achieved when using a nonpolar solvent, in particular liquid carbon dioxide was successfully used. One of the advantages of using liquid carbon dioxide is that no solvent residues are left in the final material, which is important for pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, it was concluded that ibuprofen was stored in an X-ray amorphous form in the mesoporous particles. Release studies in water showed a rapid release of ibuprofen from the mesoporous silica particles, while the dissolution of samples with crystalline ibuprofen was slower. This was verified to be an effect of a larger exposed ibuprofen area in the ibuprofen-loaded mesoporous silica particles, and it was concluded that the intrinsic dissolution rate for the samples were identical.

Transparency and Wettability of PVP/PDMS-IPN Synthesized in Different Organic Solvents

A hydrophilic PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) surface was formed by the synthesis of an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) in a two-step process. In the first step, PDMS was loaded with crosslinker ...

A Two-Step method for the Synthesis of a Hydrophilic PDMS Interpenetrating Polymer Network

The activity coefficients of the binary mixtures ethanol + 1-butanol, ethanol + octane, and 1-butanol + octane were determined at temperatures of (308.15, 313.15, and 318.15) K. The determination of the vapor phase composition at equilibrium was carried out using headspace gas chromatography analysis. Multiple headspace extraction was used to calibrate the headspace gas chromatograph. Comparison of the phase diagrams produced using standard Legendre orthogonal polynomial techniques with phase diagrams from the literature showed good agreement. The composition of the azeotropes were reported, where applicable.

Bengt Kronberg

Papers

An Alternative Fuel for Spark Ignition Engines

Alternative Fuel for a Standard Diesel Engine

Transparency and Wettability of PVP/PDMS-IPN Synthesized in Different Organic Solvents

A Two-Step method for the Synthesis of a Hydrophilic PDMS Interpenetrating Polymer Network

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium of Binary Mixtures. 1. Ethanol + 1-Butanol, Ethanol + Octane, 1-Butanol + Octane