The power of feedback.

This study investigated (a) mathematics achievement (Test of Academic Progress) of 589 female and 644 male, predominantly white, 9th-12th grade students enrolled in mathematics courses from four schools, controlling for mathematics background and general ability (Quick Word Test); (b) relationships to mathematics achievement, and to sex-related differences in mathematics achievement, of spatial visualization (Differential Aptitude Test), eight attitudes measured by the Fennema-Sherman Mathematics Attitudes Scales, a measure of Mathematics Activities outside of school, and number of Mathematics Related Courses and Space Related Courses taken. Complex results were obtained. Few sex-related cognitive differences but many attitudinal differences were found. Analyses of variance, covariance, correlation, and principal components analysis techniques were used. The results showed important relationships between socio-cultural factors and sex-related cognitive differences.

Sex-related defferences in mathematics achievement, spatial visualization, and affective factors

Learning the lessons.

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Professional Standards for Teaching Mathematics in a Two-Year College Classroom.

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Visible Learning For Teachers Maximizing Impact On Learning

This paper examines the instructional approaches of three competent grade 8 mathematics teachers. It also examines their students’ perception of the lessons they taught as well as characteristics of good lessons. The findings of teachers’ practice and students’ perception are juxtaposed to elicit characteristics of good teaching in Singapore grade 8 classrooms. With limitation, the findings of the paper suggests that good mathematics teaching in Singapore schools centres around building understanding and is teacher-centred but student focused. Some characteristic features of good lessons are that their instructional cycles have specific instructional objectives such that subsequent cycles incrementally build on the knowledge. The examples used in such lessons are carefully selected and vary in complexity from low to high. Teachers actively monitor their student’s understanding during seatwork, by moving from desk to desk guiding those with difficulties and selecting appropriate student work for subsequent whole-class review and discussion. Finally, during such lessons teachers reinforce their students’ understanding of knowledge expounded during whole-class demonstration by detailed review of student work done in class or as homework.

Characteristics of good mathematics teaching in Singapore grade 8 classrooms: a juxtaposition of teachers’ practice and students’ perception

This study, employing hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), sought to investigate the student-level and school-level factors associated with the science achievement of immigrant and non-immigrant students among a national sample of 22,646 students from 896 schools in Canada. While student background characteristics such as home language, family wealth, and socioeconomic status were significant predictors of science achievement for non-immigrant students, these factors were not significantly associated with immigrant student science achievement. Student attitudes, engagement, and motivation in science and information and communication technology familiarity were significant predictors of science achievement for both immigrant and non-immigrant students. Whereas teacher shortage was associated with science achievement for immigrant students, school size was associated with science achievement for non-immigrant students. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Factors predicting science achievement of immigrant and non-immigrant students: a multilevel analysis

This study examined the mediational role of achievement goals between parental behaviors and learning outcomes. A sample of 1667 Singapore Secondary 3 students took the measures of parental involvement in learning, parental control, mastery approach and avoidance goals, performance approach and avoidance goals, as well as seven learning outcome variables in their math study. We conducted complex structural equation modeling analysis to take into account the hierarchical structure of the data and found a good fit for the hypothesized partial mediation model. More specifically, parental involvement in learning was associated with an adaptive learning profile (i.e., self-regulated engagement in learning activities, low anxiety, high perceived competence, and high achievement), partially or mainly through its positive relationship with mastery approach goals. Parental control predicted a maladaptive coping orientation (i.e., low persistence and high anxiety) and low achievement partially through its positive relationship with mastery and performance avoidance goals. The findings are discussed in the academic context of Singapore.

Parenting behaviors and learning of Singapore students: The mediational role of achievement goals

Mathematical Tasks in Classrooms Around the World

This is the final draft, after peer-review, of a manuscript published in Asian Journal of Social Psychology. The published version is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12058

Berinderjeet Kaur

Papers

Characteristics of good mathematics teaching in Singapore grade 8 classrooms: a juxtaposition of teachers’ practice and students’ perception

Factors predicting science achievement of immigrant and non-immigrant students: a multilevel analysis

Parenting behaviors and learning of Singapore students: The mediational role of achievement goals

Mathematical Tasks in Classrooms Around the World

Self-construal and students’ math self-concept, anxiety and achievement: An examination of achievement goals as mediators