Showing papers by "Bernard Fisher published in 1967"

Trauma and the localization of tumor cells

Abstract: Injection of 51Cr labeled Walker tumor cells either intravenously or via the aorta into normal rats or those subjected to mechanical, chemical or surgical trauma of a hind limb resulted in (a) equal distribution of cells to both hind legs when neither was traumatized; (b) a lodgement of a greater number of cells in legs subjected to either of the three types of trauma than in the untraumatized extremity of the same animal; (c) a failure of adequate heparinization to alter cell localization at sites of trauma; (d) no difference in tumor cell localization between normal limbs of control or traumatized animals, minimizing the roll of stress or other systemic factors. It is concluded that increased numbers of tumor cells lodge at sites of trauma and may well be the reason for the observed augmented metastases.

Barrier function of lymph node to tumor cells and erythrocytes. I. Normal nodes.

Abstract: This study was carried out to obtain quantitative information relative to the ability of normal lymph nodes to retain tumor cells and to compare the findings with those obtained when similarly labeled erythrocytes were employed. The authors concluded (1) that retention of either erythrocytes or tumor cells is not influenced by cannulation of efferent lymphatics of nodes and lymph collection, (2) that information obtained relative to the barrier function of lymph nodes to erythrocytes is not applicable when nodal retention of tumor cells is considered, (3) that the majority of labeled tumor cells traverse lymph nodes to enter either efferent lymph or the venous system via nodal lymphatic-venous communications and that a unification exists between the blood and lymph vascular systems, and (4) that many tumor cells initially retained in nodes following injection maintain only temporary residence and that tumor cells themselves may be as great or greater a determinant of their residence in nodes as are the biological and mechanical properties of such nodes. Alternative considerations are given regarding the clinical importance of so called “positive” lymph nodes in patients with cancer.

The organ distribution of disseminated 51 Cr-labeled tumor cells.

Abstract: Summary The present study was undertaken to obtain quantitative data relative to the deposition and egress of neoplastic cells from organs following their hematogenous dissemination and subcutaneous inoculation. 51 Cr-labeled Walker tumor cells in the rat and similarly tagged Brown-Pearce and V2 carcinoma cells in the rabbit were employed. Preliminary investigation confirmed the efficacy of this isotope technic for such studies. Following jugular vein or intraportal injection, the residence of a vast majority of the living tumor cells in the lung or liver was transient, contradicting the common belief that most circulating cells lodge in the first organ encountered. The difference in the ability of the Brown-Pearce and V2 tumor cells to traverse the lungs was quantitated. Cells from the latter tumor less readily left this organ 24 hr following inoculation of 10 × 10 4 cells. Liver, kidney, spleen, and gastrointestinal tract, in decreasing order, were recipients of most of the cells which traversed the lungs. Distribution to brain, lymph nodes, and endocrine organs was considered insignificant. Subcutaneous inoculation of tumor cells in the legs of animals was followed by a rapid egress of cells from the injection site to other organs. These studies lend further support to the obsolescence of the concept that tumor distribution is related to mechanical considerations or soil factors. In all probability, patterns of tumor spread are dictated by anatomic considerations as well as intrinsic factors in the tumor cell and the tissue it reaches.

Barrier function of lymph node to tumor cells and erythrocytes. II. Effect of x-ray, inflammation, sensitization and tumor growth.

Abstract: The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of alteration of nodes upon their filtering capacity for tumor cells and erythrocytes. Local irradiation and inflammation, but not diphtheria‐typhoid‐pertussis (DTP) sensitization, significantly reduced the barrier function of nodes to erythrocytes. These modalities failed to influence the deficient barrier function of lymph nodes to tumor cell dissemination. The results also re‐emphasize previous conclusions that information in this regard obtained from the study of erythrocytes is not applicable to tumor cells. Properties of the tumor cells per se, rather than biological and mechanical functions of the lymph nodes appear most significant concerning the fate of such cells in these structures. The failure of either local or distant tumor growth to influence the histologic appearance or filtering capacity of lymph nodes for tumor cells suggests a lack of biological responsiveness of such structures to tumor.

Anticoagulants and Tumor Cell Lodgment

Abstract: Summary There is evidence that the coagulation mechanism plays a role in the development of metastases and that anticoagulants, by interfering with the adherence of tumor cells to vascular endothelium, may impair secondary tumor growth. The present study, employing 51 Cr-labeled tumor cells in rats and rabbits, provided quantitative information relative to the effect of heparin, fibrinolysin, and the antifibrinolytic agent e-aminocaproic acid (EACA) on deposition and organ retention of such cells. It was observed: ( a ) that adequate continuous heparinization failed to promote the residence of tumor cells in the blood stream or to affect the lodgment of tumor cells in lung, liver, kidney, and spleen of rats from 1 hr to 7 days following the jugular vein injection of Walker tumor cells; ( b ) that the intraportal inoculation of Walker tumor cells resulted in similar retention of tumor cells in livers of heparinized and unheparinized rats; ( c ) that findings similar to those in the rat were noted following the jugular vein injection of V2 carcinoma cells in heparinized and fibrinolysin-treated rabbits; and ( d ) that EACA failed to affect the organ retention of tumor cells in the rabbit. It is concluded that anticoagulants do not influence metastases by preventing tumor cell lodgment and/or by promoting their residence within blood vessels. Other mechanisms to explain their effects on secondary tumor growth must be sought.

Experimental Studies of Factors Influencing Hepatic Metastases. XVIII. Significance of Trapped Tumor Cells.

Abstract: SummaryNo increase in numbers of intra-portally injected 51Cr-labeled Walker tumor cells was detected in livers of rats subjected to partial hepatectomy, hepatic manipulation, reticuloendothelial blockade, high fat, choline-free diet, caval constriction, or injection of dextran. This information indicates that the augmentation of hepatic metastases produced by these modalities in this model system is related to their metabolic or biologic (“soil”) rather than mechanical influences on hepatic-tumor cell relationships.