物件導向軟體之架構(Object-Oriented Software Construction)探討

Aspect] is a simple and practical aspect-oriented extension to Java With just a few new constructs, AspectJ provides support for modular implementation of a range of crosscutting concerns. In AspectJ's dynamic join point model, join points are well-defined points in the execution of the program; pointcuts are collections of join points; advice are special method-like constructs that can be attached to pointcuts; and aspects are modular units of crosscutting implementation, comprising pointcuts, advice, and ordinary Java member declarations. AspectJ code is compiled into standard Java bytecode. Simple extensions to existing Java development environments make it possible to browse the crosscutting structure of aspects in the same kind of way as one browses the inheritance structure of classes. Several examples show that AspectJ is powerful, and that programs written using it are easy to understand.

An overview of AspectJ

This ebook is the first authorized digital version of Kernighan and Ritchie's 1988 classic, The C Programming Language (2nd Ed.). One of the best-selling programming books published in the last fifty years, "K&R" has been called everything from the "bible" to "a landmark in computer science" and it has influenced generations of programmers. Available now for all leading ebook platforms, this concise and beautifully written text is a "must-have" reference for every serious programmers digital library.

As modestly described by the authors in the Preface to the First Edition, this "is not an introductory programming manual; it assumes some familiarity with basic programming concepts like variables, assignment statements, loops, and functions. Nonetheless, a novice programmer should be able to read along and pick up the language, although access to a more knowledgeable colleague will help."

The C programming language

[서평]「The Unified Modeling Language User Guide」

The Object Management Group's (OMG) Model Driven Architecture (MDA) strategy envisages a world where models play a more direct role in software production, being amenable to manipulation and transformation by machine. Model Driven Engineering (MDE) is wider in scope than MDA. MDE combines process and analysis with architecture. This article sets out a framework for model driven engineering, which can be used as a point of reference for activity in this area. It proposes an organisation of the modelling 'space' and how to locate models in that space. It discusses different kinds of mappings between models. It explains why process and architecture are tightly connected. It discusses the importance and nature of tools. It identifies the need for defining families of languages and transformations, and for developing techniques for generating/configuring tools from such definitions. It concludes with a call to align metamodelling with formal language engineering techniques.

Model Driven Engineering

Formal approaches to software reuse rely heavily upon a specification matching criterion, where a search query using formal specifications is used to search a library of components indexed by specifications. In previous investigations, we addressed the use of formal methods and component libraries to support software reuse and construction of software based on component specifications. A difficulty for all formal approaches to software reuse is the creation of the formal indices. We have developed an approach to reverse engineering that is based on the use of formal methods to derive formal specifications of existing programs. In this paper, we present an approach for combining software reverse engineering and software reuse to support populating specification libraries for the purposes of software reuse. In addition, we discuss the results of our initial investigations into the use of tools to support an entire process of populating and using a specification library to construct a software application.

An automated approach for supporting software reuse via reverse engineering

A self-adaptive system (SAS) can reconfigure at run time in response to adverse combinations of system and environmental conditions in order to continuously satisfy its requirements. Moreover, SASs are subject to cross-cutting non-functional requirements (NFRs), such as performance, security, and usability, that collectively characterize how functional requirements (FRs) are to be satisfied. In many cases, the trigger for adapting an SAS may be due to a violation of one or more NFRs. For a given NFR, different combinations of hierarchically-organized FRs may yield varying degrees of satisfaction (i.e., satisficement). This paper presents Providentia, a search-based technique to optimize NFR satisficement when subjected to various sources of uncertainty (e.g., environment, interactions between system elements, etc.). Providentia searches for optimal combinations of FRs that, when considered with different subgoal decompositions and/or differential weights, provide optimal satisficement of NFR objectives. Experimental results suggest that using an SAS goal model enhanced with search-based optimization significantly improves system performance when compared with manually- and randomly-generated weights and subgoals.

Automated Optimization of Weighted Non-functional Objectives in Self-adaptive Systems

Explicitly addressing fault-tolerance during the requirements analysis phase facilitates the early detection of inconsistencies between functional and fault-tolerance requirements, which could potentially reduce the overall development costs. Most existing approaches use redundancy of services as a means to mask faults, where it is difficult to provide a systematic approach for modeling and analyzing the effect of faults on functional requirements during use case analysis. Moreover, providing masking fault-tolerance could be costly or impractical. This paper overviews a systematic approach for use case-based modeling of faults and failsafe fault-tolerance, where a failsafe fault-tolerant system at least meets its safety requirements when faults occur.

Use Case-Based Modeling and Analysis of Failsafe Fault-Tolerance

With the rapid growth of web services and the continuous evolution from software-intensive systems to socio-technical ecosystems, the management of modern computing systems with many uncertainties in their environments presents significant challenges and risks for businesses. End-users increasingly demand software systems that are resilient, dependable, fault-tolerant, energy-efficient, or self-healing. One of the most promising approaches to engineering these properties is to equip software systems with feedback control to address the management of inherent system dynamics. The resulting self-adapting and self-managing computing systems are better able to cope with and even accommodate changing contexts and environments, shifting requirements, and computing-on-demand needs. The SEAMS workshop series consolidates the interests in the software engineering community on self-adaptive and self-managing systems. SEAMS provides a forum for researchers to share new results, raise awareness, and promote collaboration. SEAMS 2009 builds on the success of the SEAMS ICSE workshops of 2008 in Leipzig, Germany, 2007 in Minneapolis, USA, and 2006 in Shanghai, China.

SEAMS 2009: Software engineering for adaptive and self-managing systems

Largely driven by the widespread interest in using UML, significant efforts have investigated how to formalize its semantics in terms of well-defined target languages. Associating target language specifications with the UML models enables automated analysis of its many graphical diagrams. Unfortunately, UML formalizations have proved difficult to completely automate. This paper posits that UML formalization is essentially a traceability problem, which means to rigorously link elements of a given UML diagram to relevant regions of code in a given target model according to the intended formalization semantics. We present a graph-theoretic model for formally defining this link-retrieval problem. We also introduce a framework for assessing whether a UML formalization is amenable to efficient link retrieval techniques without sacrificing precision and/or recall.

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Betty H. C. Cheng

Papers

An automated approach for supporting software reuse via reverse engineering

Automated Optimization of Weighted Non-functional Objectives in Self-adaptive Systems

Use Case-Based Modeling and Analysis of Failsafe Fault-Tolerance

SEAMS 2009: Software engineering for adaptive and self-managing systems

UML formalization is a traceability problem