Showing papers by "Beverley Raphael published in 1991"
TL;DR: It is concluded that following stroke, perception of social support from key relationships may mediate the emotional response to this life crisis.
Abstract: In our study we examined the relationship between the perceived adequacy of social support and post-stroke depression in 76 hospitalized Australian patients Social support or the perception of its lack, particularly from a spouse care-giver, was associated significantly with both the presence and severity of depressive disorder Furthermore, depressed patients who perceived their support to be inadequate had a longer duration of depressive illness than depressed patients who perceived their support in a more favorable light We conclude that following stroke, perception of social support from key relationships may mediate the emotional response to this life crisis The implications of these findings are discussed
105 citations
TL;DR: In this review approaches to the evaluation of undergraduate psychiatric education are discussed with particular emphasis on students' attitudes to psychiatry, including the clarification of the most appropriate goals for undergraduate education in psychiatry.
Abstract: There is an increasing demand for improved skills by medical graduates in the psychosocial aspects of medical care. Psychiatrists as educators need to play an important role in the development and evaluation of education in many areas of the undergraduate curriculum in addition to the continuing education of graduates. In this review approaches to the evaluation of undergraduate psychiatric education are discussed with particular emphasis on students' attitudes to psychiatry. Key issues that remain to be addressed include the clarification of the most appropriate goals for undergraduate education in psychiatry, the most valid means of evaluating such educational programmes, particularly clinical competency and, finally, the many tasks in improving the status of the psychosocial aspects of medical care for students and their clinical teachers.
31 citations
TL;DR: A discriminant function based on a number of biochemical and haematological tests from an extended multiple biochemical analysis and full blood count, together with weight, smoking status and systolic blood pressure, would perform satisfactorily as a community screening tool, particularly in situations where there was a tendency for individuals to under-report their alcohol consumption.
Abstract: A discriminant function based on a number of biochemical and haematological tests from an extended multiple biochemical analysis and full blood count, together with weight, smoking status and systolic blood pressure is developed. The function was far more effective at detecting high alcohol use (< 40 g ethanol per day) than serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) or the Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (SMAST) in a community sample of adult males. When classifying high alcohol consumption by GGT only, several division criteria were considered, the most effective being at 40 i.u./l. In terms of identifying high alcohol consumers, rather than alcoholics, the SMAST was no better than GGT, and both had unacceptably low sensitivity (49%, 51%) and poor performance on other measures, thus limiting their use as community screening tools. The discriminant function, however, had an estimated community sensitivity of 78%, was similarly high on other performance measures, and would perform satisfactorily as a community screening tool, particularly in situations where there was a tendency for individuals to under-report their alcohol consumption.
19 citations
TL;DR: Women who perceived their social network as less supportive during pregnancy were likely to see their one-year-old babies as more difficult, and the other antenatal measures were not significantly predictive of outcome.
17 citations
14 citations
TL;DR: In HIV-infected men, depression correlated positively with frequency of high risk sexual practices and lower levels of the more adaptive 'fighting spirit' response.
Abstract: This paper examines patterns of psychological adjustment in a small sample of asymptomatic HIV antibody positive men. Comparison is made with data available on male cancer patients. HIV positive men reported greater degrees of anxious preoccupation and hopelessness, and lower levels of the more adaptive ‘fighting spirit’ response. In HIV‐infected men, depression correlated positively with frequency of high risk sexual practices. 1991 The British Psychological Society
14 citations
TL;DR: Strongly associated with later epilepsy, particularly with complex partial seizures, was a focal febrile convulsion, which seems most likely to reflect a pre-existing focal abnormality.
Abstract: strongly associated with later epilepsy, particularly with complex partial seizures, was a focal febrile convulsion, which seems most likely to reflect a pre-existing focal abnormality. Three practical messages emerge. Parents should be reassured about the generally excellent prognosis of febrile convulsions. Prolonged convulsions should still be prevented,5 and to this end parents may give rectal diazepam, though the working party did not resolve whether this should be done as soon as a convulsion begins or only after five minutes.11 Prophylactic anticonvulsants are rarely needed, and there is no evidence that they have any long term benefit in febrile convulsions. ROGER J ROBINSON Emeritus Professor of Paediatrics, BM7, London WC1H 9JR
12 citations