3.2.3. Hydroformylation 2467 3.2.4. Dimerization 2468 3.2.5. Oxidative Cleavage and Ozonolysis 2469 3.2.6. Metathesis 2470 4. Terpenes 2472 4.1. Pinene 2472 4.1.1. Isomerization: R-Pinene 2472 4.1.2. Epoxidation of R-Pinene 2475 4.1.3. Isomerization of R-Pinene Oxide 2477 4.1.4. Hydration of R-Pinene: R-Terpineol 2478 4.1.5. Dehydroisomerization 2479 4.2. Limonene 2480 4.2.1. Isomerization 2480 4.2.2. Epoxidation: Limonene Oxide 2480 4.2.3. Isomerization of Limonene Oxide 2481 4.2.4. Dehydroisomerization of Limonene and Terpenes To Produce Cymene 2481

Chemical Routes for the Transformation of Biomass into Chemicals

The development of novel materials is a fundamental focal point of chemical research; and this interest is mandated by advancements in all areas of industry and technology. A good example of the synergism between scientific discovery and technological development is the electronics industry, where discoveries of new semiconducting materials resulted in the evolution from vacuum tubes to diodes and transistors, and eventually to miniature chips. The progression of this technology led to the development * To whom correspondence should be addressed. B.L.C.: (504) 2801385 (phone); (504) 280-3185 (fax); bcushing@uno.edu (e-mail). C.J.O.: (504)280-6846(phone);(504)280-3185(fax);coconnor@uno.edu (e-mail). 3893 Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 3893−3946

http://depa.fquim.unam.mx/amyd//archivero/FidelmarLechugaSanabria_4940.pdf

Recent advances in the liquid-phase syntheses of inorganic nanoparticles.

On the Controllable Soft-Templating Approach to Mesoporous Silicates

Silver nanoparticles (NPs) have been the subjects of researchers because of their unique properties (e.g., size and shape depending optical, antimicrobial, and electrical properties). A variety of preparation techniques have been reported for the synthesis of silver NPs; notable examples include, laser ablation, gamma irradiation, electron irradiation, chemical reduction, photochemical methods, microwave processing, and biological synthetic methods. This review presents an overview of silver nanoparticle preparation by physical, chemical, and biological synthesis. The aim of this review article is, therefore, to reflect on the current state and future prospects, especially the potentials and limitations of the above mentioned techniques for industries.

/pdf/synthesis-of-silver-nanoparticles-chemical-physical-and-2arg54gdmv.pdf

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles: chemical, physical and biological methods.

This Feature Article gives an overview of microwave-assisted liquid phase routes to inorganic nanomaterials. Whereas microwave chemistry is a well-established technique in organic synthesis, its use in inorganic nanomaterials' synthesis is still at the beginning and far away from having reached its full potential. However, the rapidly growing number of publications in this field suggests that microwave chemistry will play an outstanding role in the broad field of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. This article is not meant to give an exhaustive overview of all nanomaterials synthesized by the microwave technique, but to discuss the new opportunities that arise as a result of the unique features of microwave chemistry. Principles, advantages and limitations of microwave chemistry are introduced, its application in the synthesis of different classes of functional nanomaterials is discussed, and finally expected benefits for nanomaterials' synthesis are elaborated.

Microwave chemistry for inorganic nanomaterials synthesis

Microwave-polyol process for Pt and Ag nanoparticles

Titanium-substituted mesoporous SBA-15 molecular sieve has been successfully prepared at 373 K by direct synthesis under microwave−hydrothermal conditions within about 2 h. By means of X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, infrared, UV−vis diffuse reflectance, and Raman spectroscopies, a successful isomorphous substitution of titanium in the silica framework of SBA-15 samples with Si/Ti ratios of 20, 30, and 40 has been reported. The substitution of Ti for Si did not change the textural properties. The higher titanium loading leads to the formation of extraframework titanium species. These results show that microwave-assisted synthesis is an ideal approach to prepare Ti-substituted SBA-15, which is expected to be useful as a selective oxidation catalyst for reactions involving large molecules.

Direct synthesis of titanium-substituted mesoporous SBA-15 molecular sieve under microwave - Hydrothermal conditions

Simplified synthesis of nitrate form of layered double hydroxide

Zirconium substituted mesoporous SBA-15 molecular silica with Si/Zr ratios of 10, 20, 40, and 80 have been successfully synthesized at 373 K under microwave-hydrothermal conditions within about 2 h. The degree of framework substitution has been monitored by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, and UV−vis diffuse reflectance (DRUV) spectroscopy techniques. Nitrogen adsorption data and XRD patterns confirmed that, the structure, high surface area, and uniform pore size distribution are maintained in the crystallized samples with Si/Zr ratio of 20. Further increase in zirconium loading (Si/Zr = 10) showed the loss of textural properties. The Zr−SBA-15 samples with Si/Zr = 20, 40, and 80 showed a characteristic oxygen to zirconium charge-transfer band at about 210 nm in DRUV−vis spectra consistent with monoatomic dispersion of zirconium in these samples, whereas the presence of a shoulder band at about 240 nm is observed for the sample having Si/Zr ratio of 10 which indicated the form...

Microwave-hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of zirconium substituted SBA-15 mesoporous silica

The crystallization of ordered microporous−mesoporous silica, SBA-15, has been investigated in the presence of an ionic salt, such as sodium chloride, under microwave-hydrothermal conditions. The crystallization was performed by templating a silica precursor (tetraethyl orthosilicate or sodium silicate) with pluronic123 copolymer (EO20PO70EO20; MW 5800) with varied amounts of salt content at 373 K. The crystallized samples were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and nitrogen adsorption−desorption measurements at 77 K. The textural properties of the SBA-15 samples, such as pore volume, pore size, and specific surface area, were found to decrease with an increase in salt concentration. Furthermore, the microporosity of the crystallized samples was found to be a function of the added salt concentration, that is, micropore volume has been found to decrease with an increase in salt concentration. Interestingly, SBA-15 samples crystallized in the presenc...

Bharat L. Newalkar

Papers

Microwave-polyol process for Pt and Ag nanoparticles

Direct synthesis of titanium-substituted mesoporous SBA-15 molecular sieve under microwave - Hydrothermal conditions

Simplified synthesis of nitrate form of layered double hydroxide

Microwave-hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of zirconium substituted SBA-15 mesoporous silica

Control over Microporosity of Ordered Microporous−Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 Framework under Microwave-Hydrothermal Conditions: Effect of Salt Addition