Every single day, garbage is always produced and sometimes, due to the unbalance between high volume produced and the garbage volume transported to the landfill; it then leads to the buildup. To prevent any negative impact on environment, a system is needed to support the waste management process. Smart Garbage Monitoring System consists of two parts: portable garbage can and monitoring application using android smartphone. The use of ultrasonic sensor, GPS and GSM Module on the garbage can aims to provide the data on the garbage and send it to the real time database, in which the data will be processed by the monitoring application on smartphone to determine the time of garbage transport purposely to prevent any buildup. The system doesn't need a server to process, because the entire process of will be run by android application on a smartphone. Test results showed the capability of the system in monitoring the garbage can with the minimum distance between the wastes by three meters. The information on the height level of garbage can be synchronized in real time to smartphone, with an average delay on the EDGE network of 4.57 seconds, HSPA+ of 4.52 seconds and LTE of 3.85 seconds.

IoT: smart garbage monitoring using android and real time database

In order to secure vital and critical information inside Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), a security requirement of data confidentiality, authenticity and availability should be guaranteed. The leading key management schemes are those that employ location information to generate security credentials. Therefore, this thesis proposes three novel location-dependent key management schemes. First, a novel Location-Dependent Key Management Protocol for a Single Base Station (LKMP-SBS) is presented. As a location-dependent scheme, the WSN zone is divided virtually into cells. Then, any event report generated by each particular cell is signed by a new type of endorsement called a cellreporter signature, where cell-reporters are defined as a set of nodes selected randomly by the BS out of the nodes located within the particular cell. This system is analysed and proved to outperform other schemes in terms of data security requirements. Regarding the data confidentiality, for three values of z (1,2,3) the improvement is 95%, 90% and 85% respectively when 1000 nodes are compromised. Furthermore, in terms of data authenticity an enhancement of 49%, 24%, 12.5% is gained using our approach with z = 1, 2, 3 respectively when half of all nodes are compromised. Finally, the optimum number of cell reporters is extensively investigated related to the security requirements, it is proven to be z = n 2 . The second contribution is the design of a novel Location-Dependent Key Management Protocol for Multiple Base Stations (LKMP-MBS). In this scheme, different strategies of handling the WSN by multiple BSs is investigated. Accordingly, the optimality of the scheme is analysed in terms of the number of cell reporters. Both data confidentiality and authenticity have been proven to be ∝ e ∝ 1 N . The optimum number of cell reporters had been calculated as zopt = n 2M , ∑M `=1 |z (`) opt| = n 2M . Moreover, the security robustness of this scheme is analysed and proved to outperform relevant schemes in terms of data confidentiality and authenticity. Furthermore, in comparison with LKMP-SBS, the adoption of multiple base stations is shown to be significantly important in improving the overall system security. The third contribution is the design of the novel MobilityEnabled, Locationdependant Key Managment Protocol for Multiple BSs (MELKMP-MBS). This scheme presents a key management scheme, which is capable of serving a WSN with mobile nodes. Several types of handover are presented in order to maintain the mobile node service availability during its movement between two zones in the network. Accordingly, the communication overhead of MELKMPMBS is analysed, simulated and compared with the overhead of other schemes. Results show a significant improvement over other schemes in terms of handover efficiency and communication over head. Furthermore, the optimality of WSN design such as the value of N, n is investigated in terms of communication overhead in all protocols and it is shown that the optimum number of nodes in each cell, which cause the minimum communication overhead in the network , is n = 3 √ 2N .

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Location dependent key management schemes supported by random selected cell reporters in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) generate huge volume of the heterogeneous data that can be made open source and linkedfor the different Enterprise IT applications. In order to use the services and data generated by the sensors, it should be in the standardized format. This homogeneity of defining the data and services is provided by the new emerging technology known as Internet of things. It has the power of Resource Description Framework, which links URIs and thus provides easy access from different sources to users through Internet. In this paper, we have studied different technologies that are using for integration of Service Oriented WSN and IoT for E-Commerce. Paper also discussed the current issues and challenges of the integration. By studying E-Commerce scenario, we also propose mathematical formulation of the problem for healthy transportation between seller and receiver.

Bharat Singh

Papers

Integration of service oriented WSN and IoT for E-Commerce

Keyword Prediction with ARM on Bibliographic RDF Data