Simvastatin decreases IL-6 and IL-8 production in epithelial cells

The natural organic compounds in water resources produce the highly toxic and carcinogenic secondary disinfection compounds such as halomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) during the chlorination process. The properties of organic compounds in water resources not only depend on the time but also the place. In this research,the formation of disinfection byproducts was studied by determining the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) as a main component of natural organic compounds (NOM) present in the raw water of Chahnimeh lakes in Zabol city which supply the drinking water for Sistan and Baluchishtan province. To achieve this purpose,7 cumultive samples were prepared from Chahnimeh lakes in Zabol city during 8 months from October to May in 2015-2016. Also,the quality of samples was analyzed regarding to the amount of NTU,pH,UV254,EC,DOC,SUVA and the dry remained compounds. The results showed that the concentration of dissolved organic carbon is averagely about 7.52 mg/L. The approximate amount of total organic carbon and the average of SUVA parameter are about 13.04 mg/L and 6.66 L/mg.m,respectively. The highest and lowest concentrations of DOC were in March and December,respectively,and totally they did not follow the special time changes. The results revealed that the high proportion of SUVA parameter produces the disinfection byproducts such as toxic THMs more than HAAs. © 2016,International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. All rights reserved.

Prospect of disinfection byproducts in water resources of Zabol

Down-regulation of CatSper 1 and CatSper 2 genes by lead and mercury.

INTRODUCTION Understanding consumer perception of drinking water can contribute to improvements in water management and consumer satisfaction. The aim of this study was to assess the consumer perception of tap water quality and other drinking water sources in Gonabad as a small semiarid city. METHODS This study was performed in autumn and winter 2013. For collection data a researcher-made a questionnaire consisting of nine questions, based on demographic information prepared. Questions were asked for participants to provide information regarding household drinking water usage and patterns, opinion about tap water safety, taste and reasons for purchasing bottled water. For statistical analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS version 16 was applied in this study. RESULTS Results showed that demographic variables had a significant relationship with consumer satisfaction (p < 0.05). Office employees, women and poor families had the most satisfaction from tap water quality. Peoples' preferences for tap water, commercial softener, domestic softener, ghanat (a type of underground cistern) and bottled water were 27.8, 19, 27.8, 40.4 and 3.5% respectively. Dissatisfaction from production of foam, unsuitable taste, unacceptable appearance and other problems in tap water was 11.1, 95.6, 27.8 and 0.4% respectively. Consumer reasons for using domestic water softeners are: suitable taste (80%), easy availability (71%), economical (56%) and low health side effects (34%). CONCLUSION According to these results it was clear that each consumer group, based on self-condition, prefers using a specific drinking water source.

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Consumer Perception and Preference of Drinking Water Sources.

The main cause of many health problem, in the developing countries, still is lack of access to hygienic water resources. Water resources contaminated by heavy metals is one of the serious environmental concerns of the recent decades. The present study is an attempt to survey concentration of heavy metals such as chrome, manganese, and copper in water resources of rural areas of Kermanshah Province. The study was carried out as descriptive and cross-sectional work to determine concentrations of chrome, manganese, and copper in water resources of rural areas of Kermanshah Province. The data was compared with Iran National Standard (1053). The samples were examined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine concentration of the contaminations. The obtained data was analyzed in SPSS-16. The results showed that MEAN concentrations of chrome, copper, and manganese were 0.44, 0.195, and 0.24 respectively, which were in compliance with Iran National Standards. In addition, concentration of copper and manganese in all the samples met the standards. As to chrome, 2.5 of the samples did not meet the standards. Mean concentrations of the metals in the present study was in compliance with Iran National Standard and the samples were safe for drinking. However, given the critical importance of routine survey of water resources in rural areas, the local officials need to examine the resources in routine bases. © 2016, Taylor and Francis Inc. All rights reserved.

Heavy metal concentrations in water resources of rural areas of Kermanshah, Iran

Background: Lead is known to be a highly toxic heavy metal. There
are a limited number of studies investigating the effects of antioxidants on
lead-induced kidney damage. Statins are widely used drugs for the treatment of
hypercholesterolaemia, but they also have other pleiotropic effects. The aim of
this study was to determine the effect of different doses of simvastatin on
biochemical and histopathological parameters in mice exposed to lead. Methods: Forty
eight adult male mice were randomised into six groups. The control group
received no lead. Group II was injected interaperitoneally with 60 mg/kg lead
acetate and groups III-VI received intraperitoneally 5-10-20-40 mg/kg simvastatin
plus 60 mg/kg lead. After 14 days, a stereological study was done in accordance
with the principle of Cavalieri and serum concentrations of urea and creatinine
were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and ANOVA. Results: Lead
acetate treatment caused collapse of glomeruli, glumerulosclerosis, necrosis
and vacuolization in renal tubules. Administration of 20 mg of simvastatin
reduced the severity of kidney damage. Glomerular volume in the groups treated
with 40 mg of simvastatin was significantly different from the group treated
with lead alone (P =0.001). The number
of renal glomeruli in the group treated with 5 mg of simvastatin were
significantly difference compared to the lead treated group (P =0.027). Serum
concentrations of urea and creatinine were not significantly different in the
groups treated with simvastatin compared to the group treated with lead alone. Conclusions: Treatments with simvastatin Caused protective effects on renal tissue of
mice exposed to lead. However, there was no significant effect on urea and
creatinine levels.

https://ps.tbzmed.ac.ir/PDF/PHARM-20-157.pdf

Biglar Hamed

Papers

Effects of Different Doses of Simvastatin on Lead-Induced Kidney Damage in Balb/C Male Mice