Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) are truly promising contenders for the future large-scale electrical energy storage applications due to their cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, intri...

Active Materials for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Morphology, and Electrochemistry

Over the past decade, electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices have greatly improved, as a wide variety of advanced electrode active materials and new device architectures have been developed. These new materials and devices should be evaluated against clear and rigorous metrics, primarily based on the evidence of real performances. A series of criteria are commonly used to characterize and report performance of EES systems in the literature. However, as advanced EES systems are becoming more and more sophisticated, the methodologies to reliably evaluate the performance of the electrode active materials and EES devices need to be refined to realize the true promise as well as the limitations of these fast-moving technologies, and target areas for further development. In the absence of a commonly accepted core group of metrics, inconsistencies may arise between the values attributed to the materials or devices and their real performances. Herein, we provide an overview of the energy storage devices from conventional capacitors to supercapacitors to hybrid systems and ultimately to batteries. The metrics for evaluation of energy storage systems are described, although the focus is kept on capacitive and hybrid energy storage systems. In addition, we discuss the challenges that still need to be addressed for establishing more sophisticated criteria for evaluating EES systems. We hope this effort will foster ongoing dialog and promote greater understanding of these metrics to develop an international protocol for accurate assessment of EES systems.

Towards establishing standard performance metrics for batteries, supercapacitors and beyond.

A review of lithium ion battery failure mechanisms and fire prevention strategies

A review of lithium-ion battery safety concerns: The issues, strategies, and testing standards

Owing to the high capacity of the metallic Zn anode and intrinsically safe aqueous electrolyte, aqueous Zn-based batteries are advanced energy storage technology alternatives beyond lithium-ion batteries, providing a cost benefit, high safety, and competitive energy density. There has been a new wave of research interest across the family of Zn batteries, but fundamental understanding of the Zn electrode and its performance improvement still remain inconclusive. Based on the pH value of the electrolyte, Zn-based batteries can be divided into two types, with one adopting alkaline electrolyte and the other mild (including slightly acidic) electrolyte. As the behavior of the Zn electrode in these two distinctive systems is different, their requirements to yield excellent performance are different. In this Review, we present a comprehensive overview of the Zn electrode and its fundamentals in both systems. First, the differences and similarities of the Zn electrode in both systems are outlined. Specific attention is paid to the working principles and technical challenges. Then, Zn electrode issues and recently proposed strategies for each system are summarized and compared. Finally, a perspective on future research directions towards practical applications of aqueous Zn batteries is included.

Deeply understanding the Zn anode behaviour and corresponding improvement strategies in different aqueous Zn-based batteries

Safety issues and mechanisms of lithium-ion battery cell upon mechanical abusive loading: A review

Computational model of 18650 lithium-ion battery with coupled strain rate and SOC dependencies

Safety related incidents and accidents involving lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are often in the news. Even though catastrophic failure is rare, the high socioeconomic risks associated with battery thermal runaway reactions cannot be overlooked, as demonstrated by recent high-profile events. Among all the known types of battery failure modes, the internal short circuit (ISC) tops the list of the major safety concerns for the lithium-ion battery. However, a clear picture of the LIB's electrochemical safety behavior in the context of the ISC remains to be fully established. Herein we show that mechanical indentation techniques are capable of producing highly repeatable and controllable ISC modes in a manner that allows the electrochemical safety behavior of LIBs to be categorized based on the state of charge (SOC), ISC resistance, and electrode area. Our results identify the fundamental mechanism(s) of various electrochemical responses to the ISC through a combination of experiment, numerical simulation, and analysis. With the understanding that complicated electrochemical phenomena occur after the triggering of an ISC, we examine the safety boundaries and create an electrochemical behavior map for LIBs after ISCs. We anticipate that this discovery will lead to new opportunities for battery safety design, manufacturing, monitoring, and utilization with beneficial consequences to a battery-intensive, mobile, and green society in terms of much reduced battery safety concerns.

Safety issues caused by internal short circuits in lithium-ion batteries

Understanding the mechanism of mechanical deformation/stress-induced electrical failure of lithium–ion batteries (LIBs) is important in crash-safety design of power LIBs The state of charge (SOC) of LIBs is a critical factor in their electrochemical performance; however, the influence of SOC with mechanical integrity of LIBs remains unclear This study investigates the electrochemical failure behaviors of LIBs with various SOCs under both compression and bending loadings, underpinned by the short circuit phenomenon Mechanical behaviors of the whole LIB body, which is regarded as an intact structure, were analyzed in terms of structure stiffness Results showed that the mechanical behaviors of LIBs depend highly on SOC Experimental verification on the cathode and anode sheet compression tests show that higher SOC with more lithium inserted in the anode leads to higher structure stiffness In the bending tests, failure strain upon occurrence of short circuit has an inverse linear relationship with the SOC value These results may shed light on the fundamental physical mechanism of mechanical integrity LIBs in relation to inherent electrochemical status

/pdf/state-of-charge-dependent-mechanical-integrity-behavior-of-2t00pmiook.pdf

Binghe Liu

Papers

Safety issues and mechanisms of lithium-ion battery cell upon mechanical abusive loading: A review

Computational model of 18650 lithium-ion battery with coupled strain rate and SOC dependencies

Safety issues caused by internal short circuits in lithium-ion batteries

State of Charge Dependent Mechanical Integrity Behavior of 18650 Lithium-ion Batteries

Integrated computation model of lithium-ion battery subject to nail penetration