Showing papers by "Björn Lyxell published in 1991"
TL;DR: The results were interpreted such that, in order to represent a critical component process in sentence-based speechreading, the visual speech perception task must entail lexically induced processing as a task-demand.
Abstract: Two aspects of visual speech processing in speechreading (word decoding and word discrimination) were tested in a group of 24 normal hearing and a group of 20 hearing-impaired subjects. Word decoding and word discrimination performance were independent of factors related to the impairment, both in a quantitative and a qualitative sense. Decoding skill, but not discrimination skill, was associated with sentence-based speechreading. The results were interpreted such that, in order to represent a critical component process in sentence-based speechreading, the visual speech perception task must entail lexically induced processing as a task-demand. The theoretical status of the word decoding task as one operationalization of a speech decoding module was discussed (Fodor, 1983). An error analysis of performance in the word decoding/discrimination tasks suggested that the perception of heard stimuli, as well as the perception of lipped stimuli, were critically dependent on the same features; that is, the temporally initial phonetic segment of the word (cf. Marslen-Wilson, 1987). Implications for a theory of visual speech perception were discussed.
41 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It was concluded that lexicalAccess speed could be used as a diagnostic tool, such that when an individual demonstrates lexical access that is unreasonably slow, it could be taken as an indication to suggest that rehabilitation programs should emphasize alternatives to speechreading.
Abstract: Eighteen hearing-impaired subjects participated in the present study. The purpose was to investigate one general question: The nature of the relationship between verbal ability and speechreading. Verbal ability was assessed by two types of measure: a test of vocabulary size, and four tests of lexical access speed. The results demonstrated that lexical access speed was related to speechreading performance. Vocabulary size was not found to be directly related to the speechreading criterion; rather, its influence was in an indirect fashion via its relation to lexical access speed. It was concluded that lexical access speed could be used as a diagnostic tool, such that when an individual demonstrates lexical access that is unreasonably slow, it could be taken as an indication to suggest that rehabilitation programs should emphasize alternatives to speechreading. A general implication of the present results is that absence of relation between a predictor variable and the speechreading criterion does not necess...
33 citations
TL;DR: It was found that contextual information had an equally facilitative effect in speech-reading conditions for both age groups, and the role played by contextual information in visual speech perception compared to other related areas.
Abstract: Twenty-one hearing-impaired subjects participated in the present study designed to investigate two questions. First, whether the ability to discriminate isolated words is related to sentence-based speech-reading. Second, whether older adults (i.e., 52 to 75 years) could, as in listening tasks, benefit relatively more than younger adults (i.e., 31 to 50 years) when extra contextual information is offered in the speech-reading task. The results demonstrated that word discrimination contributes significantly to efficient speech-reading performance. However, the nature of the relationship is dependent on the particular aspect of word discrimination being tested: that is, one aspect of the word-discrimination test (involving a short-term memory component) was tied to one specific speech-reading condition only (i.e., 3-word sentences), whereas another aspect (without a short-term memory component) facilitated performance in all kinds of speech-reading conditions. For both age groups it was found that contextual...
32 citations
TL;DR: The Hearing Performance Inventory was used to measure moderately hearing-impaired persons' subjectively experienced problems in everyday listening and found that vocabulary size, highly intercorrelated with guessing, was important to the 'social situation' dimension on the HPI.
Abstract: The Hearing Performance Inventory (HPI, Giolas et al., 1979) was used to measure 21 moderately hearing-impaired persons' subjectively experienced problems in everyday listening. The HPI rating data show that the greatest problems are experienced on the dimensions ‘understanding speech without visual cues’, and ‘perceived intensity’ of sounds. ‘Understanding speech with visual cues’ has a high positive correlation with both ‘social situation’ and ‘work situation’ dimensions, whereas ‘understanding speech without visual cues’ correlates with ‘social’ and ‘personal situation’. The correlations between the HPI and actual performance in the speechreading tests, and between the HPI and cognitive abilities that were assumed to be critical for speechreading ability, were also examined. It was found that vocabulary size, highly intercorrelated with guessing, was important to the ‘social situation’ dimension on the HPI. Guessing also constitutes an important cognitive predictor of speechreading skill. However, none...
9 citations
TL;DR: The authors explored a set of variables that are assumed to affect the degree of semantic as opposed to episodic involvement at retrieval and pit a retrieval independence view of recognition failure that is supposed to account for the results under standard procedure against a semantic, schema-based hypothesis under conditions both different from and similar to a standard procedure.
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was developed into 3 parts :(a) to replicate and extend the study by Nilsson et al.; (b)to explore a set of variables that is assumed to affect the degree of semantic as opposed to episodic involvement at retrieval and (c) to pit a retrieval independence view of recognition failure that is supposed to account for the results under standard procedure against a semantic, schema-based hypothesis (Jones 1983)under conditions both different from and similar to a standard procedure
6 citations