Showing papers by "Björn Lyxell published in 2001"
TL;DR: The results indicate a strong connection between age-related cognitive decline in the elderly and problems to perceive stimuli presented to the left ear and a varying degree of correlations between cognitive function and dichotic test parameters.
Abstract: ObjectiveTo study the effect of chronologic age on central auditory functions using dichotic speech tests and to study whether and how the age effect in dichotic listening is related to cognitive ability.DesignDichotic speech tests and cognitive tests were performed on 30 bilaterally hearing-impaire
93 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Interactions between hearing status and modality, both in accuracy and in reaction times, show that hearing-impaired subjects have difficulties without visual cues, and the test battery has proven useful in assessing the relative contribution of different input signals.
Abstract: A cognitive test battery sensitive to processes important for speech understanding was developed and investigated. Test stimuli are presented as text or in an auditory or audiovisual modality. The tests investigate phonologic processing and verbal information processing. Four subject groups, young/elderly with normal-hearing and young/elderly with hearing impairment, each including 12 subjects, participated in the study. The only significant effect in the text modality was an age effect in the speed of performance, seen also in the auditory and audiovisual modalities. In the auditory and audiovisual modalities, the effects of hearing status and modality were seen in accuracy parameters. Interactions between hearing status and modality, both in accuracy and in reaction times, show that hearing-impaired subjects have difficulties without visual cues. Performing the test battery in noise made the tasks more difficult, especially in the auditory modality and for the elderly, affecting both accuracy and speed. Test-retest measurements showed learning effects and a modality-dependent variability. The test battery has proven useful in assessing the relative contribution of different input signals and the effects of age, hearing impairment, and visual contribution on functions important for speech processing.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this population of hearing-impaired people, younger participants were better speechreaders, and, when age was taken into account, speech tracking correlated primarily with (written) lexical decision speed.
Abstract: This study examined the extent to which different measures of speechreading performance correlated with particular cognitive abilities in a population of hearing-impaired people. Although the three speechreading tasks (isolated word identification, sentence comprehension, and text tracking) were highly intercorrelated, they tapped different cognitive skills. In this population, younger participants were better speechreaders, and, when age was taken into account, speech tracking correlated primarily with (written) lexical decision speed. In contrast, speechreading for sentence comprehension correlated most strongly with performance on a phonological processing task (written pseudohomophone detection) but also on a span measure that may have utilized visual, nonverbal memory for letters. We discuss the implications of this pattern.
67 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of contextual cueing and mode of presentation on the performance of synthetic and natural faces were investigated. But the authors focused on the effect of contextual cues.
Abstract: Speechreading of synthetic and natural faces : Effects of contextual cueing and mode of presentation
13 citations
TL;DR: Examination of the effects of different tactile aids on tasks of visual speechreading found tactile aids impaired sentence-based speechreading at first, although performance improved with training, and the size of the correlations changed.
Abstract: We report on a follow-up study of the Ronnberg, Andersson, Lyxell, & Spens (1998) speech tracking training study. The purpose was to examine, initially and after training, the effects of different tactile aids on tasks of visual speechreading. We also examined cognitive prerequisites for initial baseline speechreading and posttraining speechreading performance. Compared with speechreading alone, tactile aids impaired sentence-based speechreading at first, although performance improved with training. No effects of vibrotactile aids or training were obtained for visual word-decoding. Initial baseline speechreading performance and posttraining performance correlated with cognitive skills, but the size of the correlations changed. The size of the correlations also varied with the different tactually mediated speechreading conditions.
11 citations
01 Jan 2001
TL;DR: The vocal tract shapes the visible motions of the face and the patterning of the audible speech acoustics and these visible and audible behaviors are used to describe the actions of the voice.
Abstract: An overview of some results from our own studies on speechreading is presented Focus is on paralinguistic cues that assist in perception of the spoken signal We elaborate on how the contextual, and especially the emotional cues are utilised in speechreading We further discuss which skills are important in integrating paralinguistic cues and the linguistic signal in speechreading As a basis for this overview, empirical data as well as hypotheses under scrutiny in a present design are discussed Finally, some practical implications regarding synthetic faces as communicative aids are discussed: how the speech should be presented, incorporation of paralinguistic cues into the design, and how to match user and aid
1 citations