There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Civilization continues to be transformed by our ability to harness energy beyond human and animal power. A series of industrial and agricultural revolutions have allowed an increasing fraction of the world population to heat and light their homes, fertilize and irrigate their crops, connect to one another and travel around the world. All of this progress is fuelled by our ability to find, extract and use energy with ever increasing dexterity. Research in materials science is contributing to progress towards a sustainable future based on clean energy generation, transmission and distribution, the storage of electrical and chemical energy, energy efficiency, and better energy management systems.

The path towards sustainable energy

Thank you for reading principles of optics electromagnetic theory of propagation interference and diffraction of light. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this principles of optics electromagnetic theory of propagation interference and diffraction of light, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their computer.

Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Physical Review B

Progress in preparation, processing and applications of polyaniline

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Polystyrene Encapsulated Vacuum Insulation Panels - Heat Transfer Results

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. This work has been supported by the Research Council of Norway and several partners through the research projects ”Building Integrated Photovoltaics for Norway” (BIPV Norway) and ”The Research Centre on Zero Emission Buildings” (ZEB).

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A Review of Research Pathways and Opportunities for Building Integrated Photovoltaics from a Materials Science Perspective

This work has been supported by the European Union through the collective research project ”European Performance Requirements and Guidance for Active Roofers” (Eur-Active Roofer for short) and The Research Council of Norway. Additionally, this work has been supported by the Research Council of Norway, AF Gruppen, Glava, Hunton Fiber as, Icopal, Isola, Jackon, maxit, Moelven ByggModul, Ramboll, Skanska, Statsbygg and Takprodusentenes forskningsgruppe through the SINTEF and NTNU research project ”Robust Envelope Construction Details for Buildings of the 21st Century” (ROBUST).

Shielding Fresh Air Ventilation Intakes

A radio frequency sputtering method was utilized and developed for tungsten oxide film preparation. The thickness of tungsten oxide film can be controlled at nano scale. Tungsten oxide thin films with thickness of ~36 nm was prepared and investigated. The morphologies and microstructures of the as-prepared tungsten oxide thin films were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Flourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Tungsten oxide films utilized in the laboratory changed color from colorless to blue during electrochemical cycles, showing a potential for assembling electrochromic smart windows to modulate the transmitted solar radiations.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Tungsten Oxide Electrochromic Thin Films

Electrochromic materials (ECM) and windows (ECW) are able to regulate the solar radiation throughput by application of an external electrical voltage. Thus, ECWs may decrease heating, cooling, lighting and electricity loads in buildings by admitting the optimum level of solar energy and daylight at any given time, e.g. cold winter climate versus warm summer climate demands. It is crucial to be able to compare the dynamic solar radiation control for different ECWs and hence require specific ECW properties. The solar radiation control for ECWs may readily be characterized by several solar radiation glazing factors, where a comparison for various ECW configurations enables one to select the most appropriate ones for specific smart window applications in energy-efficient buildings. As an example a particular ECW based on the ECMs polyaniline, prussian blue and tungsten oxide is presented, being able to regulate as much as 60 % of the visible and 59 % of the total solar radiation.

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Bjørn Petter Jelle

Papers

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Polystyrene Encapsulated Vacuum Insulation Panels - Heat Transfer Results

A Review of Research Pathways and Opportunities for Building Integrated Photovoltaics from a Materials Science Perspective

Shielding Fresh Air Ventilation Intakes

Synthesis and Characterization of Tungsten Oxide Electrochromic Thin Films

The Utilization of Electrochromic Materials for Smart Window Applications in Energy-Efficient Buildings