There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Civilization continues to be transformed by our ability to harness energy beyond human and animal power. A series of industrial and agricultural revolutions have allowed an increasing fraction of the world population to heat and light their homes, fertilize and irrigate their crops, connect to one another and travel around the world. All of this progress is fuelled by our ability to find, extract and use energy with ever increasing dexterity. Research in materials science is contributing to progress towards a sustainable future based on clean energy generation, transmission and distribution, the storage of electrical and chemical energy, energy efficiency, and better energy management systems.

The path towards sustainable energy

Thank you for reading principles of optics electromagnetic theory of propagation interference and diffraction of light. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this principles of optics electromagnetic theory of propagation interference and diffraction of light, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their computer.

Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Physical Review B

Progress in preparation, processing and applications of polyaniline

https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/246801/1/Grynning+2009+_+Vakuumisolasjonspaneler+for+bruk+i+bygninger+-+Egenskaper+krav+og+muligheter.pdf

Vakuumisolasjonspaneler for bruk i bygninger – Egenskaper, krav og muligheter [Vacuum insulation panels for building applications: Properties, requirements and possibilities]

The influence of icephobic nanomaterial coatings on solar cell panels at high latitudes

A great deal of attention has been paid to thermal insulation as it plays a significant role in improving the energy efficiency within the building and construction sector. There is an ever-increasing demand for advanced thermal insulation materials that show superior performance to that of the conventional ones. The state-ofthe-art thermal insulation materials and solutions, such as vacuum insulation panels (VIP) and silica aerogels, and the emerging ones like nano insulation materials (NIM), are under rapid development and show a promising potential. Hollow silica nanospheres (HSNS) may be a promising candidate for achieving high performance super insulation materials (SIM). This study investigates synthesis parameters and properties of HSNS with the aim of reaching low thermal conductivity by exploiting the Knudsen effect. The experiments are carried out to optimize thermal performance based on variation of structural parameters like e.g. HSNS shell thickness and inner diameter.

/pdf/utilization-of-hollow-silica-nanospheres-for-thermal-2u0whsheil.pdf

Utilization of Hollow Silica Nanospheres for thermal Insulation Purposes

Transmission through an Electrochromic Window based on Polyaniline, Tungsten Oxide and a Solid Polymer Electrolyte

Despite significant advancements in fenestration technology in the last two decades, the thermal transmittance of fenestration products is still significantly higher than that of walls. This corresponds to 60% of the total energy loss of a modern building envelope through the windows. Hence, further development and improvements of fenestration products are necessary. Increasingly stringent codes and standards for fenestration stimulate industry to work on improved solutions. Thus, it is crucial that assessment techniques are able to account for innovations accurately. The thermal effects of non-continuous hardware in window frames are currently ignored by international rating procedures. A preliminary investigation conducted by our team showed significant performance degradation in two of the three out-opening casement profiles caused by the presence of operating hardware. Frames with the structure made of vinyl and fiberglass consist of many air cavities that are penetrated by operating hardware made of highly conductive materials. In these frames, in order to have an accurate assessment, it may be required to employ three-dimensional modeling due to the convective nature of heat transfer within the cavities. However, in this study, we demonstrate that the three-dimensional (3D) effects of non-continuous hardware can be approximated accurately with simpler two-dimensional (2D) simulations. We then develop a simplified model based on weighted average capable of replacing the time- and computation-intensive 3D simulations with 2D simulations and validate it against market available frames and their corresponding hardware. Validation results show that our approximation technique results in discrepancies lower than 0.05 W/(m2K), or 3% of the total thermal transmittance. Thus, we conclude that simplified 2D simulation models may be used for predicting hardware impact in window frames with reasonable accuracy. As windows and glazing structures are becoming ever better thermally insulated, it is becoming even more important to be able to model the impact of the operating hardware on the total thermal performance in order to design the best windows possible and not let the operating hardware ruin an otherwise well-proven design, which is hence addressed in this study.

/pdf/operating-hardware-impact-on-the-heat-transfer-properties-of-1nz3y8gs4m.pdf

Bjørn Petter Jelle

Papers

Vakuumisolasjonspaneler for bruk i bygninger – Egenskaper, krav og muligheter [Vacuum insulation panels for building applications: Properties, requirements and possibilities]

The influence of icephobic nanomaterial coatings on solar cell panels at high latitudes

Utilization of Hollow Silica Nanospheres for thermal Insulation Purposes

Transmission through an Electrochromic Window based on Polyaniline, Tungsten Oxide and a Solid Polymer Electrolyte

Operating Hardware Impact on the Heat Transfer Properties of Windows