"The portable MBA in entrepreneurship" Bygrave, W. D. (Ed.). (1997). The portable MBA in entrepreneur ship. (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. William Bygrave, editor of "The portable MBA in entrepreneurship," second edition, has assembled a valuable and highly usable collection of state-of-the-art information on entrepreneurship. The book is structured into fifteen sections that provide the reader with a thorough view of entrepreneurship from both academic and business perspectives. Contributors to the book include well-known professors, consultants, and entrepreneurs with extensive experience in new venture creation. The material is further emphasized through the use of numerous relevant, real-world examples. Several of the chapters include sources where additional information or help can be obtained. The glossary will enable the fledgling entrepreneur to gain an understanding of the language of business and entrepreneurship. The book begins with an overview of the impact and importance of entrepreneurship to the economy of the United States. A model of the entrepreneurial process is presented which covers the critical personal, sociological, and environmental factors that influence someone starting a new venture. Bygrave discusses the most important personal characteristics of successful entrepreneurs, which he labels as the ten Ds: dream, decisiveness, doers, determination, dedication, devotion, details, destiny, dollars, and distribute. Environmental factors include the presence of role models and mentors who help inspire and develop the dream of entrepreneurship. Sociological factors include family responsibilities, along with the trade-off between experience that comes with age and the opportunity and energy of youth. Entrepreneurs must also understand the three driving forces for a successful new business: opportunity, the entrepreneur, and the resources needed. These forces must be integrated into the strategic planning process. Bygrave expands Rosabeth Kanter's four Fs for a successful business into what he calls the nine Fs necessary for entrepreneurial success. These are: founders, focused, fast, flexible, forever-innovating, flat, frugal, friendly, and fun. He contends that the key to sustained success is to remain an "entrepreneurial gazelle" and avoid turning into a "lumbering elephant" or a "dinosaur destined to extinction." Jeffrey Timmons presents practical advice on how to recognize a potential entrepreneurial opportunity when it appears and why a sense of timing to seize the opportunity is important. Opportunity is envisioned as a three-dimensional relief map consisting of three to four critical factors such as patented innovation, sole distribution rights, and a competent management team. This section also provides valuable and detailed information on how to screen an opportunity against a number of criteria for feasibility. These criteria include issues relative to the market, economics, competitive advantage, the management team, fatal flaws, personal criteria, and strategic differentiation. The author also looks beyond initial startup concerns and includes a discussion of harvest issues such as valueadded potential, valuation multiples and comparables, and exit mechanisms and strategies. Entrepreneurs are likely to start their businesses in the midst of established competitors. When a new competitor enters, established companies are usually quick to respond. The section on market entry strategies provides critical information on six types of "entry wedges" used by new entrepreneurs to break into the competitive arena. These wedges are: developing a new product or service, developing a similar product or service that is "better", buying a franchise, exploiting an existing product or service, sponsoring a startup enterprise, and acquiring a going concern. …

The Portable MBA in Entrepreneurship

In the study attempts to analyze soybean production and possibility obtaining biogas from soybean biomass, in order to obtain energy inputs into the profit function and realized a circular economy. This paper presents the results of five-year studies of soybean production analysis in the world and in Serbia, and was also examined soybeans morphoproductive characteristics and on the biogas yield, of the Favorit variety, produced in Pancevo, Serbia. Serbia has excellent conditions for soybeans production. The maximum soybean biomass yield of soybean variety Favorit was 5 t ha-1. The average biogas yield, for tested five years, was 368 m3ha-1. The biogas yield was in positive statistically significant correlations on the plant height (r=0.65*) and in positive correlations with biomass yield. Soybean cultivar with their characteristics justify the sowing and can be used as a raw material in bio-fuels production.

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Analysis of soybean production and biogas yield to improve eco-marketing and circular economy

Internal auditors working in the public sector will be familiar with The Public Sector Internal Audit Standards (PSIAS), these being mandatory for all internal auditors working in that area. However, internal auditors in other sectors may also find this article informative.

Internal audit in the public sector

There is a conceptual problem in the adequate application of internal audit and internal control in the real business of the marketing environment. Although both of these managerial tools are theoretically defined, they are practically interchangeable in business. This limits their application. It is therefore necessary to focus on both concepts and make the theory and practice more precise or remove any overlaps. The aim of this paper is therefore a theoretical and practical comparison of internal audit and internal control concepts in the marketing environment. To fulfil this purpose and verify the hypotheses, this paper uses computer assisted self interviewing. The research was conducted in Q1 2021 with a sample of 3052 small and medium enterprises from the international environment of the EU 27. The research conclusions show a strong correlation of the theoretical perception of the terms of internal audit and internal control. At the same time, they show a weak correlation with the audit and control tools used in practice. They also define audit as planned independent assurance (soft consultation) and control as operational managerial assurance (hard comparison). This defines and clarifies scientific theories for managerial practice, thus enhancing and increasing the efficiency of internal audits and internal control in the business environment.

Conceptual Comparison of Internal Audit and Internal Control in the Marketing Environment

More demanding management requires management to foster the application of different mechanisms. One of the upcoming ways of improving management is the use of the fair value of property and equipment in the business books of the company. The authors of this study emphasize the importance of fair valuation of agricultural equipment, processing surveyed 382 legal entities of the Republic of Serbia, in the case of widespread tractor IMT 533 agricultural holdings in 207 and 175 joint-stock companies. To show the real application of fair value, the research period lasted from 2015 to 2018. We came to the basic conclusion that there is a statistically significant relationship between organizations, enterprises and the age of the tractor to the application of the fair value of the tractor in the business books of the company. There is also a conclusion that fair financial reporting brings about benefits to agricultural entities of other legal forms.

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Management of joint-stock companies and farms by using fair value of agricultural equipment in financial statements on the example of imt 533 tractor

Plant production monitoring should be conducted taking into consideration agrarian, economic and other factors. The authors of the paper point out the importance of the intensity of light on plant growing in predominantly urban growing conditions. The authors conducted an experimental research on Narcissus L. The focus was on 8 physical parameters of cultivated plants that are compared to average actual prices on the market of the Republic of Serbia. The contribution of authors is in pointing out an individual physical plant parameter with a decisive impact on its price. Narcissus L. growing under lower natural light intensity indicates that the biggest impact on plant price is that of the ﬂower diameter (β = .555, п≤.001). Plant growing under higher light intensity has an impact on its price predominantly on the basis of the ﬂower diameter (β=2.947, p≤.001) and stalk diameter (β = 2.947, п≤.001).

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Impact of different light intensity on the production of the plant Narcissus L. and its financial effects.

The survival of a company on the market is possible if there is a good company managing, led by agile and professional management. Company development is a general objective and it can be achieved if the management of the company managed to establish their own style of organization and management. In addition to the aforesaid, the management should have a developed system of internal control within the regular and continuous business operations. Our contribution is reflected in the presentation of mode of managing nursery-garden plant production, using internal control for the benefits of management. We found that the application of detected risks in said production could be presented and illustrated in a range of risks, all of it with the aim of making management decisions that will reduce the overall risk of an agricultural company's business operations.

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Managing agricultural company by using internal control and significance of risk presentation

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and Entrepreneurs (SMEE), as a Sector, can take on a major role in agricultural development of the Republic of Serbia. However, in order to develop these enterprises, it is necessary to provide financial resources for their establishment and development, as well as appropriate business advisory support. This paper analyzes the issues regarding agribusiness companies financing, and interprets the use of advisory services. The aim of this analysis is to prove that small and medium-sized enterprises, entrepreneurs and farmers in particular, have limited access to financing and advisory services compared to larger companies. A survey that included 119 companies was conducted during this project. The obtained responses were stratified according to company size into three groups: entrepreneurs and farmers, small and medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between entrepreneurs and farmers, small, medium and large enterprises in most of the monitored parameters.

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Financial and business advisory services for small and medium enterprises and entrepreneurs in agribusiness in Serbia

Corporate management demands new ways to improve business. In the paper the author's focus was on the application of PVC packaging from the agroecological aspect. Comparison of the number of weed weeds in compost that was stored outdoors in relation to the number of weed weeds in compost kept in plastic containers was performed. The experiment was carried out on 10x10 cm plain surfaces of both composts in real nursery production in a large nursery in Novi Sad. Changes were found that indicate differences in the number of weed weeds on all parcels covered with compost that was differently conserved. The obtained average results of the weed plants at the end of the first week on the parcels amounted to the first compost 1.6 and higher compared to 0.9 in the second mode of storage at the end of the second week at 2.8 at 1.4 and at the end of the third week 5.5 compared to 1.1 for composts stored in PVC packaging. PVC packaging can be reused in more than 10 new cycles in nursery production and overall results point to the overall positive trend of such compost storage.

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Bogdan Laban

Papers

Management of joint-stock companies and farms by using fair value of agricultural equipment in financial statements on the example of imt 533 tractor

Impact of different light intensity on the production of the plant Narcissus L. and its financial effects.

Managing agricultural company by using internal control and significance of risk presentation

Financial and business advisory services for small and medium enterprises and entrepreneurs in agribusiness in Serbia

Management services with respect to the new approach PVC packaging in the agricultural enterprises with agro-ecological aspects