https://www.medpagetoday.com/upload/2014/3/3/02536-1.pdf

2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease

Jeffrey L. Anderson, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair , Jonathan L. Halperin, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair-Elect , Nancy M. Albert, PhD, CCNS, CCRN, FAHA, Biykem Bozkurt, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA, Ralph G. Brindis, MD, MPH, MACC, Mark A. Creager, MD, FACC, FAHA[§§][1], Lesley H. Curtis, PhD, FAHA, David DeMets, PhD,

2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines

ACCF/AHA 2009 Expert Consensus Document on Pulmonary Hypertension: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents and the American Heart Association: Developed in Collaboration With the American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, Inc., and the Pulmonary Hypertension Association

2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines

It is important that the medical profession play a central role in critically evaluating the use of diagnostic procedures and therapies introduced and tested for detection, management, or prevention of disease. Rigorous, expert analysis of the available data documenting absolute and relative

/pdf/acc-aha-2008-guidelines-for-the-management-of-adults-with-4oqjti8ewr.pdf

ACC/AHA 2008 guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease: Executive summary - A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (writing committee to develop guidelines for the management of adults with congenital heart disease)

Outcome of Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Pregnancy: A Systematic Overview From 1978 Through 1996

Outcome of cardiovascular surgery and pregnancy: a systematic review of the period 1984-1996.

Reduction and elimination of systemic heparinization during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Risk and benefit of low systemic heparinization during open heart operations

Background: Sevoflurane is degraded to compound A (CpA) by carbon dioxide absorbents containing strong base. CpA is nephrotoxic in rats. Patient exposure to CpA is increased with low fresh gas flow rates, use of Baralyme®, and high sevoflurane concentrations. CpA formation during low-flow and closed circuit sevoflurane anesthesia had no significant renal effects in surgical patients with normal renal function. Preexisting renal insufficiency is a risk factor for postoperative renal dysfunction. Although preexisting renal insufficiency is not affected by high-flow sevoflurane, the effect of low-flow sevoflurane in patients with renal insufficiency is unknown. Methods: After obtaining institutional review board approval, 116 patients with a stable preoperative serum creatinine concentration 1.5 mg/dl or greater were assessable. Patients were randomized to receive either sevoflurane (n = 59, 0.8-2.5 vol%) or isoflurane (n = 57, 0.5-1.4 vol%) at a fresh gas flow rate of 1 l/min or less. Use of opioids was restricted to a minimum, and Baralyme® was used to increase CpA exposure. Inspiratory and expiratory CpA concentrations were measured during anesthesia. Renal function (serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, urine protein and glucose, creatinine clearance) was measured preoperatively and 24 and 72 h after induction. Results: Demographic patient data did not differ between groups. Patients received 3.1 ± 2.4 minimum alveolar concentration-hours sevoflurane or 3.8 ± 2.6 minimum alveolar concentration-hours isoflurane (mean ± SD). Durations of low flow were 201.3 ± 98.0 and 213.6 ± 83.4 min, respectively. Maximum inspiratory CpA with sevoflurane was 18.9 ± 7.6 ppm (mean ± SD), resulting in an average total CpA exposure of 44.0 ± 30.6 ppm/h. There were no statistically significant changes from baseline to 24- and 72-h values for serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen, creatinine clearance, urine protein, and glucose, nor were there significant differences between both anesthetics. Conclusion: There were no statistically significant differences in measured parameters of renal function after low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia compared with isoflurane. These results suggest that low-flow sevoflurane anesthesia is as safe as low-flow isoflurane and does not alter kidney function in patients with preexisting renal disease.

Branko M. Weiss

Papers

Outcome of Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Pregnancy: A Systematic Overview From 1978 Through 1996

Outcome of cardiovascular surgery and pregnancy: a systematic review of the period 1984-1996.

Reduction and elimination of systemic heparinization during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Risk and benefit of low systemic heparinization during open heart operations

Low-flow sevoflurane compared with low-flow isoflurane anesthesia in patients with stable renal insufficiency.