本文以英文文献为基础,结合美国社会相关最新动态和具体事例对"公益创业"(Social Entrepreneurship)这个崭新现象的定义和在美国诞生的背景进行了综合探讨.同时,笔者基于在美国的实践经验,对"公益创业"在美兴盛的环境进行了反思.

什么是"Social Entrepreneurship"(公益创业)

This paper examines the linkages between diversity management (DM), innovation and high performance in social enterprises. These linkages are explicated beyond traditional framing of DM limited to workforce composition, to include discussions of innovation through networked diversity practices; reconciliation; and funding options. The paper draws upon a UK-based national survey and the case study data. Multiple data collection methods were used, including semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and workshops with participant observation. NVivo and SPSS software packages were utilized in order to analyse the qualitative and quantitative data, respectively. We used thematic coding and cropping techniques in analysing the case studies in the paper. A broad range of conflicting and supporting literature was enfolded into the conversations and discussion. The paper demonstrates that social enterprises exhibit unique characteristics in terms of size and location, as well as their double remit to add value both economically and socially. As a conclusion, we argue for social enterprises to consider options for DM in the interests of maximization of innovation and business performance. We contend that further research is needed to describe how social entrepreneurs draw upon their various ‘diversity resources’ in the process of innovation

Diversity management for innovation in social enterprises in the UK

Base-of-the-pyramid (BOP) business models aim to achieve profitability and poverty reduction by including poor people into corporate value chains. This goal duality creates tensions. Actors’ respon...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0007650320975184

Cognitive Frames of Poverty and Tension Handling in Base-of-the-Pyramid Business Models:

Managing paradoxical tensions in the development of a telemedicine system

The process of resource mobilisation is fundamental in the creation of social value. However, the evidence that examines the approaches used by social entrepreneurs to mobilise critical resources in an environment with poor resources is limited. This study empirically explores social bricolage in the new research context of developing countries, building on the notion of ‘social bricolage’). This abductive, multiple-case study adopts the qualitative methodological approach, using empirical data on five social enterprises in Egypt through in-depth interviews with industry experts, social entrepreneurs, and other management teams. Our study advances scholarly understanding of social bricolage by examining resource mobilisation processes over time in the resource-scarce context of developing countries. Our analysis traces the six social bricolage constructs: making do, refusal to be constrained by limitations, improvisation, the creation of social value, stakeholder participation, and persuasion and community involvement. Our empirical data identifies three more constructs associated with social bricolage: distributed leadership/teamwork, dynamic capabilities, and legitimacy (trust and reputation). 

Resource Orchestration Process in the Limited-Resource Environment: The Social Bricolage Perspective

This study aims to examine the question around how small- and medium-scale hybrid social enterprises within the context of the Middle East and North Africa manage paradoxical tensions they face in their everyday decision-making. By placing a lens on the unique hybrid processes facing organizational members rooted in traditional social and economic rationales, we seek to better understand the breadth of strategies adopted and their relevance to the specific contextual considerations of the study. Through analyzing five in-depth case studies from the region, the study aims to add insights on the practice of managing organizational paradoxes to maintain social-economic hybridity. We also introduce practical implications for managers and supporters of small- and medium-scale social enterprises.

Managing Organizational Paradoxes in Social Enterprises: Case Studies from the MENA Region

This study explores questions around the abilities of social enterprises (SEs) to obtain market-based revenues in the context of a middle-income country with significant institutional and economic constraints (Egypt) Our main research question focuses on analyzing the reasons why SEs in this context are unable to obtain their desired level of market-based revenues Through the analysis of 22 SEs with some degree of a mixed revenue model, we draw three major conclusions that contribute to both academic theory and SE practice: (a) the importance of investing in new cohorts of SE employees, (b) ways to increase SEs’ ability to respond to institutional barriers, and (c) the promotion of adaptive organizational models able to respond to changing external conditions The study makes several contributions to the literature Most importantly, it seeks to add findings to discussion around how SEs operate within constraints by providing real-life empirical data from a context that faces significant institutional and resource barriers It adds to the current literature by offering insights on organizational capacity, institutions, legitimacy, and adaptability that can be applied to other countries with similar socio-economic contexts Methodologically, it also makes an effort to move beyond biases of studying only successful SEs, to offer micro-level qualitative analysis of SEs, and to hear unique and potentially alternative perspectives to academic narratives rooted in concept and theory by better understanding how social entrepreneurs themselves perceive their own work and practices

Brendon Johnson

Papers

Managing Organizational Paradoxes in Social Enterprises: Case Studies from the MENA Region

Operating as a Social Enterprise within Resource and Institutional Constraints