A simple, fast, and inexpensive method for the determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables is introduced. The procedure involves initial single-phase extraction of 10 g sample with 10 mL acetonitrile, followed by liquid-liquid partitioning formed by addition of 4 g anhydrous MgSO4 plus 1 g NaCl. Removal of residual water and cleanup are performed simultaneously by using a rapid procedure called dispersive solid-phase extraction (dispersive-SPE), in which 150 mg anhydrous MgSO4 and 25 mg primary secondary amine (PSA) sorbent are simply mixed with 1 mL acetonitrile extract. The dispersive-SPE with PSA effectively removes many polar matrix components, such as organic acids, certain polar pigments, and sugars, to some extent from the food extracts. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is then used for quantitative and confirmatory analysis of GC-amenable pesticides. Recoveries between 85 and 101% (mostly > 95%) and repeatabilities typically < 5% have been achieved for a wide range of fortified pesticides, including very polar and basic compounds such as methamidophos, acephate, omethoate, imazalil, and thiabendazole. Using this method, a single chemist can prepare a batch of 6 previously chopped samples in < 30 min with approximately 1 dollar (U.S.) of materials per sample.

Fast and Easy Multiresidue Method Employing Acetonitrile Extraction/Partitioning and "Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction" for the Determination of Pesticide Residues in Produce

Phenolics are broadly distributed in the plant kingdom and are the most abundant secondary metabolites of plants. Plant polyphenols have drawn increasing attention due to their potent antioxidant properties and their marked effects in the prevention of various oxidative stress associated diseases such as cancer. In the last few years, the identification and development of phenolic compounds or extracts from different plants has become a major area of health- and medical-related research. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview on phenolic extraction, purification, analysis and quantification as well as their antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the anticancer effects of phenolics in-vitro and in-vivo animal models are viewed, including recent human intervention studies. Finally, possible mechanisms of action involving antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity as well as interference with cellular functions are discussed.

/pdf/plant-phenolics-extraction-analysis-and-their-antioxidant-2ee2ft7zgl.pdf

Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties.

Applications of ultrasound in food technology: Processing, preservation and extraction

Various novel techniques including ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and accelerated solvent extraction have been developed for the extraction of nutraceuticals from plants in order to shorten the extraction time, decrease the solvent consumption, increase the extraction yield, and enhance the quality of extracts. A critical review was conducted to introduce and compare the conventional Soxhlet extraction and the new alternative methods used for the extraction of nutraceuticals from plants. The practical issues of each extraction method were discussed. Potential uses of those methods for the extraction of nutraceuticals from plant materials was finally summarized.

Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from plants

http://irep.iium.edu.my/28632/4/Santanu_J_Food_Eng%2D2013.pdf

Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review

We describe a new technique for sample preparation, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), that combines elevated temperatures and pressures with liquid solvents. The effects of various operational parameters (i.e., temperature, pressure, and volume of solvent used) on the performance of ASE were investigated. The solvents used are those normally used for standard liquid extraction techniques like Soxhlet or sonication. We found the recoveries of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and total petroleum hydrocarbons from reference materials using ASE to be quantitative. The extraction time for 1−30-g samples is less than 15 min, and the volume of solvent is 1.2−1.5 times that of the extraction cell containing the sample. No evidence was seen for thermal degradation during the extraction of temperature-sensitive compounds.

Accelerated Solvent Extraction: A Technique for Sample Preparation

Enantiomeric recognition by several chiral dimethyl-substituted macrocycles of the pyridino-18-crown-6 type for chiral organic ammonium salts has been studied by titration calorimetry in CH/sub 3/OH, temperature-dependent /sup 1/H NMR spectroscopy in CD/sub 2/CL/sub 2/, and selective crystallization. Results from the three procedures are consistent in demonstrating either host-guest recognition or nonrecognition in the systems investigated. Futhermore, enaniomeric recognition by one chiral host for a pair of chiral guests is correlated with X-ray crystallographic data for the same system. The chiral dimethyl-substituted ligands used in the study include three dimethyl diester pyridino-18-crown-6 ligands, dimethyl thiono diester pyridino-18-crown-6, and dimethyl-pyridino-18-crown-6 ligands. All of these ligands exhibited chiral recognition. Dimethylpyridino-18-crown-6 in complexation with (R)- and (S)-(..cap alpha..-(1-naphthyl)ethyl)ammonium perchlorate exhibited the largest ratio of ..delta..G/sub c/+ yet observed by the /sup 1/H NMR technique. A diphenyl-substituted diester pyridino-18-crown-6 where the phenyl substituents are in less rigid portion of the macrocycle failed to show chiral recognition.

Enantiomeric recognition of organic ammonium salts by chiral crown ethers based on the pyridino-18-crown-6 structure

Methods for the solvent extraction of organic analytes from a sample are provided. An organic solvent system is used to extract analytes under elevated temperatures and pressures above 100 psi but below supercritical conditions in short times and with low amounts of solvent. The extracted organic analytes are then removed by flowing a purge fluid through the extraction cell, the cell being maintained at a constant volume throughout the extraction and purging, afterwards the analytes being analyzed.

Accelerated solvent extraction method

Synthese de huit nouveaux composes cristaux liquides a base de l'ester (hydroxy-4 phenyl)-4 benzoate. Ces composes contiennent tous un groupe olefinique necessaire pour la liaison a un polymere siloxane. Les polysiloxanes prepares par une reaction d'hydrosilylation presentent tous les caracteres des cristaux liquides. Un copolymere prepare a partir de quantites molaires egales de deux alcenes cristallins liquides presente des proprietes de separation uniques lorsqu'on l'utilise comme phase stationnaire en chromatographie gazeuse haute resolution

Synthesis of smectic liquid-crystalline polysiloxanes from biphenylcarboxylate esters and their use as stationary phases for high-resolution gas chromatography

Brian A. Jones

Papers

Accelerated Solvent Extraction: A Technique for Sample Preparation

Enantiomeric recognition of organic ammonium salts by chiral crown ethers based on the pyridino-18-crown-6 structure

Accelerated solvent extraction method

Synthesis of smectic liquid-crystalline polysiloxanes from biphenylcarboxylate esters and their use as stationary phases for high-resolution gas chromatography

Polarizable polysiloxane stationary phases for capillary column gas chromatography