There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

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Modern Applied Statistics With S

A tutorial account of variable structure control with sliding mode is presented. The purpose is to introduce in a concise manner the fundamental theory, main results, and practical applications of this powerful control system design approach. This approach is particularly attractive for the control of nonlinear systems. Prominent characteristics such as invariance, robustness, order reduction, and control chattering are discussed in detail. Methods for coping with chattering are presented. Both linear and nonlinear systems are considered. Future research areas are suggested and an extensive list of references is included. >

Variable structure control: a survey

Twenty years ago, in the pages of the, Journal of Common Market Studies, Hedley Bull launched a searing critique of the European Community's "civilian power" in international affairs. Since that time the increasing role of the European Union (EU) in areas of security and defence policy has led to a seductiveness in adopting the notion of "military power Europe". In contrast, I will attempt to argue that by thinking beyond traditional conceptions of the EU's international role and examining the case study of its international pursuit of the abolition of the death penalty, we may best conceive of the EU as a "normative power Europe".

Normative Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?

Twenty years ago, in the pages of the Journal of Common Market Studies, Hedley Bull launched a searing critique of the European Community’s ‘civilian power’ in international affairs. Since that time the increasing role of the European Union (EU) in areas of security and defence policy has led to a seductiveness in adopting the notion of ‘military power Europe’. In contrast, I will attempt to argue that by thinking beyond traditional conceptions of the EU’s international role and examining the case study of its international pursuit of the abolition of the death penalty, we may best conceive of the EU as a ‘normative power Europe’.

/pdf/normative-power-europe-a-contradiction-in-terms-1xp5k91f3a.pdf

About the Authors. Series Preface. Preface. Acknowledgements. List of Figures. List of Tables. Nomenclature. 1. Introduction. 1.1 Path Planning Formulation. 1.2 Path Planning Constraints. 1.3 Cooperative Path Planning and Mission Planning. 1.4 Path Planning - An Overview. 1.5 The Road Map Method. 1.6 Probabilistic Methods. 1.7 Potential Field. 1.8 Cell Decomposition. 1.9 Optimal Control. 1.10 Optimization Techniques. 1.11 Trajectories for Path Planning. 1.12 Outline of the Book. References. 2. Path Planning in Two Dimensions. 2.1 Dubins Paths. 2.2 Designing Dubins Path using Analytical Geometry. 2.3 Existence of Dubins Paths. 2.4 Length of Dubins Paths. 2.5 Design of Dubins Paths using Principles of Differential Geometry. 2.6 Path of Continuous Curvature. 2.7 Producing Flyable Clothoid Paths. 28 Producing Flyable Pythagorean Hodograph Paths (2D). References. 3. Path Planning in Three Dimensions. 3.1 Dubins Paths in Three Dimensions Using Differential Geometry. 3.2 Path Length - Dubins 3D. 3.3 Pythagorean Hodograph Paths - 3D. 3.4 Design of Flyable Paths Using PH Curves. References. 4. Collision Avoidance. 4.1 Research into Obstacle Avoidance. 4.2 Obstacle Avoidance for Mapped Obstacles. 4.3 Obstacle Avoidance of Unmapped Static Obstacles. 4.4 Algorithmic Implementation. References. 5. Path-Following Guidance. 5.1 Path Following the Dubins Path. 5.2 Linear Guidance Algorithm. 5.3 Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Guidance. 5.4 Dynamic Obstacle Avoidance Guidance. References. 6. Path Planning for Multiple UAVs. 6.1 Problem Formulation. 6.2 Simultaneous Arrival. 6.3 Phase I: Producing Flyable Paths. 6.4 Phase II: Producing Feasible Paths. 6.5 Phase III: Equalizing Path Length. 6.6 Multiple Path Algorithm. 6.7 Algorithm Application for Multiple UAVs. 6.8 2D Pythagorean Hodograph Paths. 6.9 3D Dubins Paths. 6.10 3D Pythagorean Hodograph Paths. References. Appendix A Differential Geometry. Appendix B. Pythagorean Hodograph. Index.

Cooperative Path Planning of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Co-operative path planning of multiple UAVs using Dubins paths with clothoid arcs

Europe and the World Making Sense of Europe's Global Role External Relations: Community Foreign Policy European Political Cooperation From EPC to CFSP: Union Foreign Policy The Europeanization of National Foreign Policies: The Case for Britain Security and Defence: Towards a Common Defence Policy? After Maastricht and Amsterdam: A Common European Foreign Policy? European Foreign Policy and Foreign Policy Analysis Bibliography Index

Understanding European Foreign Policy

This article explores `European foreign policy' as an important new empirical domain of foreign policy and also as a challenging vehicle for evaluating the current status of Foreign Policy Analysis...

The European Challenge to Foreign Policy Analysis

Introduction - Walter Carlsnaes PART ONE: THEORIES AND CONCEPTS Foreign Policy Analysis and the New Europe - Brian White European Foreign Policy - Knud Erik Jorgensen Conceptualising the Domain PART TWO: ANALYTICAL DIMENSIONS OF EUROPEAN FOREIGN POLICY Security and Defence - Helene Sjursen Economic Foreign Policy - Michael Smith Diplomacy - Brian Hocking National Foreign Policy Coordination - Bengt Sundelius and Magnus Ekengren Collective Identity - Ulrich Sedelmeier Human Rights - Janne Haaland Matlary Sovereignty - Bertrand Badie PART THREE: CASE STUDIES Security and Defence - Annika Hansen The EU Police Mission in Bosnia Foreign Economic Policy - Ricardo Gomez and George Christou The EU and the Mediterranean Diplomacy - Alisdair Blair The Impact of the EU on its Member States National Foreign Policy Coordination - Magnus Ekengren The Swedish EU Presidency Collective Identity - Michelle Pace The Greek Case Human Rights - Agustin Jose Menendez The Right Foreign Policy for the EU? Sovereignty - Frederic Charillon EU Intervention in the 'Near Abroad'

Brian White

Papers

Cooperative Path Planning of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Co-operative path planning of multiple UAVs using Dubins paths with clothoid arcs

Understanding European Foreign Policy

The European Challenge to Foreign Policy Analysis

Contemporary European Foreign Policy