Showing papers by "Bruce Hapke published in 1981"
TL;DR: In this article, an approximate analytic solution for the radiative transfer equation describing particulate surface light scattering, taking into account multiple scattering and mutual shadowing, was derived for the interpretation of reflectance spectroscopy of laboratory surfaces and the photometry of solar system objects.
Abstract: An approximate analytic solution is derived for the radiative transfer equation describing particulate surface light scattering, taking into account multiple scattering and mutual shadowing. Analytical expressions for the following quantities are found: bidirectional reflectance, radiance coefficient and factor, the normal, Bond, hemispherical, and physical albedos, integral phase function and phase integral, and limb-darkening profile. Scattering functions for mixtures can be calculated, as well as corrections for comparisons of experimental transmission or reflection spectra with observational planetary spectra. The theory should be useful for the interpretation of reflectance spectroscopy of laboratory surfaces and the photometry of solar system objects.
1,816 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the theoretical bidirectional reflectance expression derived by Hapke (1981) is studied experimentally and it is shown that the expression describes satisfactorily the measured angular scattering and spectral properties of a cobalt glass powder in which the two properties vary greatly with wavelength.
Abstract: Aspects of the theoretical bidirectional reflectance expression derived by Hapke (1981) are studied experimentally, and it is shown that the expression describes satisfactorily the measured angular scattering and spectral properties of a cobalt glass powder in which the two properties vary greatly with wavelength. The theoretical reflectance function also describes measured distributions of intensity across the surfaces of planets, except near the sunlit limb, where the macroscopic roughness influences the brightness.
220 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the reflectance spectra of the frosts of several volatiles pertinent to the study of comet nuclei were measured in the 0.1-2.5 micron range.
58 citations