Vehicular networking has significant potential to enable diverse applications associated with traffic safety, traffic efficiency and infotainment. In this survey and tutorial paper we introduce the basic characteristics of vehicular networks, provide an overview of applications and associated requirements, along with challenges and their proposed solutions. In addition, we provide an overview of the current and past major ITS programs and projects in the USA, Japan and Europe. Moreover, vehicular networking architectures and protocol suites employed in such programs and projects in USA, Japan and Europe are discussed.

Vehicular Networking: A Survey and Tutorial on Requirements, Architectures, Challenges, Standards and Solutions

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have stimulated interest in both academic and industry settings because, once deployed, they would bring a new driving experience to drivers. However, communicating in an open-access environment makes security and privacy issues a real challenge, which may affect the large-scale deployment of VANETs. Researchers have proposed many solutions to these issues. We start this paper by providing background information of VANETs and classifying security threats that challenge VANETs. After clarifying the requirements that the proposed solutions to security and privacy problems in VANETs should meet, on the one hand, we present the general secure process and point out authentication methods involved in these processes. Detailed survey of these authentication algorithms followed by discussions comes afterward. On the other hand, privacy preserving methods are reviewed, and the tradeoff between security and privacy is discussed. Finally, we provide an outlook on how to detect and revoke malicious nodes more efficiently and challenges that have yet been solved.

A Security and Privacy Review of VANETs

Despite the surge in Vehicular Ad Hoc NETwork (VANET) research, future high-end vehicles are expected to under-utilize the on-board computation, communication, and storage resources. Olariu et al. envisioned the next paradigm shift from conventional VANET to Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) by merging VANET with cloud computing. But to date, in the literature, there is no solid architecture for cloud computing from VANET standpoint. In this paper, we put forth the taxonomy of VANET based cloud computing. It is, to the best of our knowledge, the first effort to define VANET Cloud architecture. Additionally we divide VANET clouds into three architectural frameworks named Vehicular Clouds (VC), Vehicles using Clouds (VuC), and Hybrid Vehicular Clouds (HVC). We also outline the unique security and privacy issues and research challenges in VANET clouds.

Rethinking Vehicular Communications: Merging VANET with cloud computing

A secure and efficient communication scheme with authenticated key establishment and privacy preserving for vehicular ad hoc networks

TRIP, a trust and reputation infrastructure-based proposal for vehicular ad hoc networks

Inter-vehicle communication is one of the most challenging research areas for communication in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. The main benefit of this kind of communication is seen in active safety systems, which aim at increasing passengers' safety by exchanging warning messages between vehicles. In the past few years, considerable effort has been spent in research on networking protocols and applications, however research on security threats and solutions only started recently. In this paper, we elaborate on security issues in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) regarding active safety applications. We provide an overview on solution concepts and evaluate requirements of corresponding mechanisms. One conclusion is that although some concepts can be viewed as strong solutions from a network point of view, they do not fit into the design constraints of VANETs. Therefore, less secure mechanisms will probably have to suffice

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C. Maihofer

Papers

Security requirements and solution concepts in vehicular ad hoc networks