Sex, Gender, and Pain: A Review of Recent Clinical and Experimental Findings

This study, which is a part of the initiative 'Lifting The Burden: The Global Campaign to Reduce the Burden of Headache Worldwide', assesses and presents all existing evidence of the world prevalence and burden of headache disorders. Population-based studies applying International Headache Society criteria for migraine and tension-type headache, and also studies on headache in general and 'chronic daily headache', have been included. Globally, the percentages of the adult population with an active headache disorder are 46% for headache in general, 11% for migraine, 42% for tension-type headache and 3% for chronic daily headache. Our calculations indicate that the disability attributable to tension-type headache is larger worldwide than that due to migraine. On the World Health Organization's ranking of causes of disability, this would bring headache disorders into the 10 most disabling conditions for the two genders, and into the five most disabling for women.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2007.01288.x

The Global Burden of Headache: A Documentation of Headache Prevalence and Disability Worldwide:

The etiology and prognosis of chronic daily headache (CDH) are not well understood. The aim of this study is to describe factors that predict CDH onset or remission in an adult population. Potential cases (180+ headaches per year, n =1134) and controls (two to 104 headaches per year, n =798) were interviewed two times over an average 11 months of follow-up. Factors associated with CDH prevalence at baseline were evaluated. The incidence of CDH and risk factors for onset were assessed in controls whose headache frequency increased to 180+ per year at follow-up. Prognostic factors were assessed in CDH cases whose headache frequency fell at follow-up. CDH was more common in women, in whites, and those of less education. CDH cases were more likely to be previously married (divorced, widowed, separated), obese, and report a physician diagnosis of diabetes or arthritis. At follow-up, 3% of the controls reported 180 or more headaches per year. Obesity and baseline headache frequency were significantly associated with new onset CDH. In CDH cases, the projected 1-year remission rate to less than one headache per week was 14% and to less than 180 headaches per year was 57%. A better prognosis was associated with higher education, non-white race, being married, and with diagnosed diabetes. Individuals with less than a high-school education, whites, and those who were previously married had a higher risk of CDH at baseline and reduced likelihood of remission at follow-up. New onset CDH was associated with baseline headache frequency and obesity.

/pdf/factors-associated-with-the-onset-and-remission-of-chronic-1yiwdygin7.pdf

Factors associated with the onset and remission of chronic daily headache in a population-based study

The burden associated with headache is a major public health problem, the true magnitude of which has not been fully acknowledged until now. Globally, the percentage of the adult population with an active headache disorder is 47% for headache in general, 10% for migraine, 38% for tension-type headache, and 3% for chronic headache that lasts for more than 15 days per month. The large costs of headache to society, which are mostly indirect through loss of work time, have been reported. On the individual level, headaches cause disability, suffering, and loss of quality of life that is on a par with other chronic disorders. Most of the burden of headache is carried by a minority who have substantial and complicating comorbidities. Renewed recognition of the burden of headache and increased scientific interest have led to a better understanding of the risk factors and greater insight into the pathogenic mechanisms, which might lead to improved prevention strategies and the early identification of patients who are at risk.

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laneur/PIIS1474442208700620.pdf

Epidemiology and comorbidity of headache

The aim of this review was to summarize population-based studies reporting prevalence and/or incidence of chronic migraine (CM) and to explore variation across studies. A systematic literature sear...

Global prevalence of chronic migraine: a systematic review

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and prognosis of chronic daily headache (CDH) in a population of elderly Chinese subjects. Methods: A community-based survey of registered residents ≥65 years old (n = 2,003) in two townships of Kinmen Island in 1993. A neurologist used a structured questionnaire and clinical interview to make the diagnosis of headache. Subjects who had headaches ≥15 days/month for ≥6 months in the previous year were considered to have CDH. CDH was further classified into chronic tension-type headache (CTTH), CDH with migrainous features (CDH/MF), and other CDH. Person-to-person biannual follow-up of the subjects with CDH was done in June 1995 and August 1997. Results: A total of 1,533 people (77%) participated in our prevalence study. Sixty subjects (3.9%) fulfilled the criteria for CDH, with a higher prevalence in women (F/M: 5.6%/1.8%, p Conclusions: A total of 3.9% of this elderly population had CDH, with CTTH being the most common subtype. Almost two-thirds of those with CDH had persistent frequent headaches at follow-up. Analgesic overuse was a significant predictor of a poor outcome.

Chronic daily headache in Chinese elderly: prevalence, risk factors, and biannual follow-up.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of headaches in a Chinese elderly population. Background: There are few headache surveys in the elderly. Previous studies have shown a low headache prevalence in Chinese. Methods: Target population: eligible registered residents ≥65 years old (N = 2,003) in two townships of Kinmen Island on August 1, 1993. All participants completed a headache questionnaire and underwent clinical evaluation and examination by a neurologist. Headache diagnoses were made according to the International Headache Society, 1988. Results: 1,533 persons (77%) participated in the study, of whom 584 (38%) had at least one episode of headache in the previous year. One-year prevalence of migraine was 3.0%, and tension-type headache, 35%. The prevalence of migraine, but not tension-type headaches, continued to decline with age in the elderly. Life-time prevalence of "incapacitating headache" was 10%, and that of migraine, 5.2%. Forty-two percent of migraineurs stopped having migraine before this survey. In comparison with "10 years ago," 8% participants felt their current headaches were worse, 25% better, and 67%, no change, with a net improvement of 17%. Conclusions: We have reported the highest headache prevalence among different Chinese elderly populations, but these were still lower than those reported from Western series. More than half of the elderly life-time migraineurs still had attacks of migraine. Severe headaches, including migraine but not tension-type headaches, declined with age.

Prevalence of headaches in a Chinese elderly population in Kinmen: age and gender effect and cross-cultural comparisons.


 声带显微手术是耳鼻咽喉科常见的手术之一，为提高声带显微手术患者术后的嗓音功能，通常建议患者术后声休，以促进声带黏膜的愈合。然而，声休的类型和持续时间仍没有一个标准方案，本文通过对国内外相关文献中的声休类型和持续时间进行探讨，期望为临床医生提供术后治疗思路，帮助患者更好地恢复嗓音功能。.


C. Y. Liu

Papers

Chronic daily headache in Chinese elderly: prevalence, risk factors, and biannual follow-up.

Prevalence of headaches in a Chinese elderly population in Kinmen: age and gender effect and cross-cultural comparisons.

[Research progress of the type and duration of voice rest after vocal cord microscopy].