Hydroxyl radicals based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for remediation of soils contaminated with organic compounds: A review

Utilization of fly ash for stabilization/solidification of heavy metal contaminated soils

Management of municipal solid waste incineration residues

Stabilization/solidification of hazardous and radioactive wastes with alkali-activated cements.

The treatment of hazardous wastes using cement-based solidification–stabilization (S–S) is of increasing importance as an option for remediating contaminated sites. Indeed, among the various treatm...

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Solidification/Stabilization of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants using Portland Cement: A Literature Review

Introduction, Roger Spence and Caijun Shi General Guideline for Waste Forms, Caijun Shi and Roger Spence Characterization and Classification of Wastes, X S Qin and Gordon Huang Hydraulic Cement Systems for Stabilization/Solidification, Caijun Shi Organic Polymers for Stabilization/Solidification, Paul Kalb Other Binders for Stabilization/Solidification, Robert Moore, Arun Wagh, Paul Kalb, Gerald Veazey, Earl McDaniel, Darryl Duane Siemer Interactions Between Contaminants and Binders, Julia Stegeman Additives for Enhancement of Stabilization/Solidification, Steve Hoeffner, Jesse Conner, and Roger Spence Microstructure of Stabilized/Solidified Waste Forms, Amitava Roy and Frank Cartledge Transport and Leachability of Contaminants in Stabilized/Solidified Waste Forms, Andrew Garrabants and David Kosson Testing and Performance Criteria for Satbilised/Solidified Waste Forms, ASR Perera, A Al-Tabbaa, JM Reid, J Stegeman, and Caijun Shi Quality Assurance/Quality Control, Caijun Shi Case Studies, Jesse Conner, Steve Hoeffner, and Christine Langton

Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes

Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is often used to treat waste or to remediate contaminated sites. Many people feel S/S is just a process to consolidate waste into a solid product for disposal using cementing materials. This article describes designing a cement-based formula for solidification/stabilization of wastes or contaminated soils from aspects of both the cement chemistry and the environmental chemistry. The discussion includes the following key points: (1) compatibility between cement and waste materials; (2) chemical fixation of contaminants; (3) physical encapsulation of contaminated waste and soils; (4) durability of the treated waste or soil; (5) leachability of contaminants from the treated waste or soil; and (6) cost-effectiveness of S/S.

Designing of Cement-Based Formula for Solidification/Stabilization of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes

General Guidelines for S/S of Wastes

The pH value of the hardened portland cement and concrete ranges from over 12.5 to values as high as 13.5, due to the presence of alkalis in cement. Partial replacement of portland cement with supplementary cementing materials such as coal fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolan can decrease the pH value depending on the characteristics and dosage of the material used.



The dissolution and leaching of hydration products of cement can affect the pH value of groundwater. Increased pH of groundwater can be expected around the surface of concrete but is not expected to penetrate far into the groundwater matrix, because the transport rate from the concrete is low. The width of the affected zone is mainly controlled by the rate of flow of the groundwater around the surface of the concrete.


Keywords:

Portland cement;
supplementary cementing materials;
hydration;
hydration products;
concrete;
dissolution;
leaching;
pH value;
groundwater

Caijun Shi

Papers

Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes

Designing of Cement-Based Formula for Solidification/Stabilization of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed Wastes

General Guidelines for S/S of Wastes

High pH Groundwater— The Effect of The Dissolution of Hardened Cement Pastes