Structure and nanostructure in ionic liquids.

Solar illumination of broadly absorbing metal or carbon nanoparticles dispersed in a liquid produces vapor without the requirement of heating the fluid volume. When particles are dispersed in water at ambient temperature, energy is directed primarily to vaporization of water into steam, with a much smaller fraction resulting in heating of the fluid. Sunlight-illuminated particles can also drive H2O–ethanol distillation, yielding fractions significantly richer in ethanol content than simple thermal distillation. These phenomena can also enable important compact solar applications such as sterilization of waste and surgical instruments in resource-poor locations.

Solar Vapor Generation Enabled by Nanoparticles

A bioinspired, reusable, paper-based gold-nanoparticle film is fabricated by depositing an as-prepared gold-nanoparticle thin film on airlaid paper. This paper-based system with enhanced surface roughness and low thermal conductivity exhibits increased efficiency of evaporation, scale-up potential, and proven reusability. It is also demonstrated to be potentially useful in seawater desalination.

A Bioinspired, Reusable, Paper‐Based System for High‐Performance Large‐Scale Evaporation

A novel bilayered hybrid biofoam composed of a bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) layer and a reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-filled BNC layer is introduced for highly efficient solar steam generation. The biofoam exhibits a solar thermal efficiency of ≈83% under simulated solar illumination (10 kW m-2 ). The fabrication method introduced here is highly scalable and cost-efficient.

Bilayered Biofoam for Highly Efficient Solar Steam Generation.

Continued miniaturization and demand for high-end performance of electronic devices and appliances have led to dramatic increase in their heat flux generation. Consequently, conventional coolants and cooling approaches are increasingly falling short in meeting the ever-increasing cooling needs and challenges of those high heat generating electronic devices. This study provides a critical review of traditional and emerging cooling methods as well as coolants for electronics. In addition to summarizing traditional coolants, heat transfer properties and performances of potential new coolants such as nanofluids are also reviewed and analyzed. With superior thermal properties and numerous benefits nanofluids show great promises in fulfilling the cooling demands of high heat generating electronic devices. It is believed that applications of such novel coolants in emerging techniques like micro-channels and micro-heat pipes can revolutionize cooling technologies for electronics in the future.

A critical review of traditional and emerging techniques and fluids for electronics cooling

New experimental data on the thermal conductivity of liquid water along the saturation line have been obtained recently, using the bare and coated transient hot wire technique, with high accuracy. The quality of the data is such that new standard reference values can be proposed with confidence limits of 0.7% at a 95% confidence level. These data and the correlation herein presented revise a previous correlation endorsed by IUPAC.

Standard Reference Data for the Thermal Conductivity of Water

Viscosity is one of the most important properties for many technological and scientific applications, and therefore it has been the subject of an enormous effort of measurement, correlation, and interpretation. This effort is completely inconsistent with the fact that it is probably the fluid property with less independent reference values that can be used by most of the everyday users as guidance, calibration, or designing tools. The only accepted standard, the viscosity of pure water at 20 °C, is unsatisfactory because the viscosity among different fluids can vary by a factor of 1014. Its application in the current step-up procedures to produce certified reference materials of higher viscosity, although useful for industrial purposes, degrades the desired small uncertainty of these values. An analysis of the metrology status for Newtonian liquids viscosity, including the best available measurement methods, applicable ranges, existing reference data, uncertainties, and traceability of the measurements to...

Metrology of Viscosity: Have We Learned Enough?†

Replacement of petroleum-derived diols by sustainable biopolyols in one component polyurethane foams

Ionic liquids have proved to be one of the most impressive classes of fluids, due to their properties and applications to chemistry and engineering. One of the most recent applica‐ tions of complex systems of ionic liquids and nanomaterials are IoNanofluids, from heat transfer to catalysis, solar absorbing panels, lubricants or luminescent materials. These novel materials belong to the class of nanofluids proposed in the last years and are a mixture of ionic liquid and nanomaterial, in the form of nanoparticle dispersion, and have already re‐ sulted in a number of publications in chemical and physical journals.

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Carlos Nieto de Castro

Papers

Standard Reference Data for the Thermal Conductivity of Water

Metrology of Viscosity: Have We Learned Enough?†

Replacement of petroleum-derived diols by sustainable biopolyols in one component polyurethane foams

Synthesis, properties and physical applications of ionanofluids

IoNanofluids: Innovative Agents for Sustainable Development