Press Coverage of the Refugee and Migrant Crisis in the EU: A Content Analysis of Five European Countries

How do poor people cope with, and even make sense of, toxic danger? This book is a ‘‘story of silent habituation to contamination and of almost complete absence of mass protest against toxic onslaught’’ (p. 4). As such, it is distinct from much of the social movement literature, and also the ethnographies of the poor. The dependent variable in the social movement literature is community protest; we find protest, and try to explain its appearance, citing such things as ‘‘cognitive liberation.’’ But what about the many more communities that would seem ripe for protest, but do not? How, in particular, can we explain the ‘‘silent habituation to contamination’’ that is often associated with slum communities? Why the ‘‘perpetuation of ignorance, mistake, and confusion’’ (p. 8) on the part of the residents, despite ample evidence of contamination? The book explores ‘‘the reproduction of uncertainty, misunderstanding, division, and ultimately, inaction in the face of sustained toxic assault’’ (p. 8). ‘‘Uncertainty and ignorance,’’ they claim ‘‘have not been a dominant focus among ethnographers’’ (p. 12). True or not, here the authors explore it in rich detail. The place is a settlement on the edge of Buenos Aires. With two-and-one-half years of intensive fieldwork they have intimate knowledge of the community, and the second author, Debora Swistun, was born and raised in the town, and only left at the end of the fieldwork. Javier Auyero, no stranger to poverty research in Latin America, came in from the University of Texas for long stays. This is an ethnography, loosely structured, and like most ethnographies it is theoretically undernourished. The repeated references to Bourdieuian aphorisms such as ‘‘symbolic violence,’’ ‘‘schemata of perception,’’ ‘‘how domination works,’’ and the curious ‘‘site effects’’ (where ‘‘what is lived and seen on the ground’’ is really ‘‘elsewhere’’) (p. 159) do not structure the argument. The authors’ excellent narratives make it clear that the domination is more material than symbolic, and the pervasiveness of the pollution—air, water, soil—speaks to the silent contamination more strongly than the mechanisms and metaphors in the literature they repeatedly cite. Though much of the material has appeared elsewhere in scholarly journals, where it is more tightly organized, the leisurely pace and intimacy of this presentation has many virtues. Unfortunately, however, the lack of a decent index, so easily constructed on a computer, is not one of them. In addition to its dramatic focus upon ignorance, mistake and confusion in the community, there is a striking emphasis upon the link between environment and misery. Scholars, they say, have remained silent for a long time about environmental factors as the key determinants in the reproduction of destitution and inequity. They see it as the missing dimension in the study of poverty in Latin America. Graphically, and in wrenching detail, they show how the polluted space the urban poor live in compounds the normal problems of poverty. The silent, often invisible, steady accumulation of poisons appears to feed the resignation and displace the blame. It may be the shantytowns of Argentina which have had protests have not had the full environmental assault Flammable has had. The settlement was once an area with many small farms and fruit trees, clean water from a river, and a white-sand beach in the estuary. Gradually, but implacably, it became a hellhole, a toxic dumping ground, surrounded by one of the largest petrochemical compounds in the country. The Shell refinery is the biggest, but there is another oil refinery, three plants that store oil, several that store chemical products, one that manufactures chemical products, and a power plant. The settlement expanded into the

Sex for Sale: Prostitution, Pornography, and the Sex Industry

https://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/gs/v26n6/original4.pdf

Conductas sexuales en adolescentes de 12 a 17 años de Andalucía

http://scielo.isciii.es/pdf/gs/v28n4/revision.pdf

El estudio de las desigualdades sociales en la salud infantil y adolescente en España

El género como determinante de la salud mental y su medicalización. Informe SESPAS 2020

Adolescencia, consumo de drogas y comportamientos de riesgo: diferencias por sexo, etnicidad y áreas geográficas en España

En este articulo se revisan algunos resultados obtenidos en investigaciones nacionales e internacionales realizadas sobre el uso de psicofarmacos, especialmente de aquellos estudios sobre la prescripcion y uso por las mujeres. Los resultados muestran que una parte importante de la produccion cientifica se centra en el estudio de la deteccion de los trastornos en Atencion Primaria o Especializada y en la morbilidad psiquiatrica de manera comparada entre los sexos. La mayor parte de las investigaciones realizadas en este ambito tiene un caracter clinico y epidemiologico. Constituyen una excepcion investigaciones realizadas en Estados Unidos o en el norte de Europa que buscan explicar los motivos razones para un consumo y prescripcion diferencial de psicofarmacos, siendo las mujeres las principales afectadas. Se han analizado investigaciones que aportan informacion para poder responder a la pregunta: Por que las mujeres reciben los dos tercios de las prescripciones con psicofarmacos? Vemos que las mujeres tienen mayor probabilidad que los varones de que les prescriban psicofarmacos.

/pdf/mujeres-y-psicofarmacos-la-investigacion-en-atencion-28dr0u43dj.pdf

Mujeres y psicofármacos: La investigación en atención primaria

This study explored the relationship between religion, religiosity and alcohol consumption in a sample of 2.890 adolescents (ages 12-18) in Madrid, Spain. Results showed that non-believers were the group that consume and abuse alcohol the most, as opposed to Catholics. Besides, religiosity was related to a lower alcohol use. Therefore, religion and religiosity in Spanish adolescents appear to be related to a low alcohol use. This contribution may help to clarify the risk and protection factors for alcohol consumption by adolescents and contribute to strengthening the preventive actions.

The Role of Religion and Religiosity in Alcohol Consumption in Adolescents in Spain.

El consumo diario de tabaco e intensivo de alcohol en la adolescencia puede configurarse como habitos persistentes para la vida adulta. En este trabajo se pretende explorar las diferencias entre chicos y chicas adolescentes de origen latino con consumos intensivos de tabaco y alcohol, dado que son escasos los trabajos en Espana que introducen la variable cultural o etnica. Se trata de un estudio trasversal mediante encuesta escolar, a 1126 adolescentes de origen latino, escolarizados en la Educacion Secundaria en tres zonas espanolas, de 12 a 19 anos. Entre los resultados destacamos que el 9,4% de los chicos y el 5,6% de las chicas latinas fumaban diariamente y el 24,2% de los chicos y el 19% de las chicas bebio cinco o mas bebidas alcoholicas en el ultimo evento. Fumar diariamente se asocio con ser chico, fumar el padre, fumar la pareja, actuando como factor de proteccion hacer deporte. Ser chico, emborracharse y haber ido de botellon aumenta la probabilidad de consumir alcohol de forma intensiva. Para concluir destacamos que existen diferencias de genero en los consumos de tabaco y alcohol en el tipo de consumo intensivo pero no se aprecia cuando se trata del uso de estas sustancias. Se plantea la necesidad de tener en cuenta la variable de origen cultural en las intervenciones educativas sociosanitarias

/pdf/diferencias-de-genero-en-el-consumo-diario-de-tabaco-e-4yjrhc2qdf.pdf

Diferencias de género en el consumo diario de tabaco e intensivo de alcohol en adolescentes latinoamericanos en tres áreas españolas (Andalucía, Madrid y País Vasco)

This study explores the opinions of Spanish men about prostitution, especially of those men who have paid for sexual services. It is based on a random study of 1048 men resident in Spain and aged from 18 to 70, carried out via a telephone survey, using a questionnaire made up of 37 questions. Of the men interviewed, 20.3% have paid for sexual services at some time in their lives, and 15% within the last year. From the results a typology of prostitution clients can be extracted depending on their motivation for buying sexual services: Funners (24.1%) who are seeking leisure and entertainment; Thingers (21.7%) who want sex with no involvement or commitment; another 21.7%, the Couple Seekers, who are trying to find a partner; the Riskers, (19.8%) who, as well as sex, are attracted by the associated risk behaviours; and the Personalizers (12.6%) who are those who want sex with intimacy and companionship. These groups differ in their sexual satisfaction and in their opinions or beliefs about the reasons women have for providing sexual services. In function of these different groups, recommendations are made for increasing prostitution clients’ sensitivity and awareness about human trafficking.

/pdf/exploring-motives-to-pay-for-sexual-services-from-opinions-2mtrx72fp8.pdf

Carmen Meneses

Papers

Adolescencia, consumo de drogas y comportamientos de riesgo: diferencias por sexo, etnicidad y áreas geográficas en España

Mujeres y psicofármacos: La investigación en atención primaria

The Role of Religion and Religiosity in Alcohol Consumption in Adolescents in Spain.

Diferencias de género en el consumo diario de tabaco e intensivo de alcohol en adolescentes latinoamericanos en tres áreas españolas (Andalucía, Madrid y País Vasco)

Exploring motives to pay for sexual services from opinions about prostitution