A review of recent progress in coatings, surface modifications and alloy developments for solid oxide fuel cell ferritic stainless steel interconnects

Creep–fatigue–oxidation interactions in a 9Cr–1Mo martensitic steel. Part I: Effect of tensile holding period on fatigue lifetime

In order to identify the microstructural mechanisms leading to the softening effect usually presented by martensitic steels under cyclic loadings (with or without hold times), a study of the cyclic stress partition is presented. As the usual stress partitioning methods were found to be inadequate in the present case, a new method based both on Cottrell's method and on the Statistical Process Control principles, is proposed. This new method is used to distinguish between the kinematic, the isotropic and the viscous parts of the cyclic stress. The evolutions of these different stresses are evaluated for several strain amplitudes and temperatures under pure fatigue loading in this first part. It is shown that the softening effect is mainly due to a decrease of the backstress: the higher the strain amplitude, the stronger and the faster the softening effect. The isotropic stress is found to be independent of the strain amplitude, but increases when the temperature decreases. Whereas the viscous stress represents a large part of the total stress at 823 K, it becomes almost negligible below 673 K. These results are finally linked to the microstructural coarsening previously observed and modelled. Therefore, the decrease of the kinematic stress can be related to grain size effect.

Analysis of the hysteresis loops of a martensitic steel: Part I: Study of the influence of strain amplitude and temperature under pure fatigue loadings using an enhanced stress partitioning method

Carmen Ostwald

Papers

Initial oxidation and chromium diffusion. I. Effects of surface working on 9–20% Cr steels