A Metodologia Cientifica, mais do que uma disciplina, que em principio desperta a ideia de uma linha puramente teorica, deve ser encarada como um conjunto de procedimentos sistematicos e racionais, base da formacao tanto do estudioso quanto do profissional. Ambos atuam, alem da pratica, no mundo das ideias, ou seja, suas linhas basicas caminham pelo campo teorico, porem, o acumulo do conhecimento cientifico teorico, permite a sua aplicacao pratica no desenvolvimento tecnologico, alem de sua utilizacao nas atividades profissionais. Pode-se afirmar que a pratica nasce da concepcao sobre o que deve ser realizado e qualquer tomada de decisao fundamenta-se naquilo que se afigura como o mais logico, racional, eficiente e eficaz. Desta forma, deve-se encarar a Pesquisa Cientifica e o Metodo Cientifico, que fornece os subsidios para a sua realizacao, como fundamentais para o modelo de sociedade que estamos inseridos. Os alunos devem compreender a Metodologia da Pesquisa Cientifica como um instrumento que deve auxilia a humanidade a encontrar as respostas para os problemas que surgem em nossa vida cotidiana, alem da sua importância para a elaboracao do Trabalho Cientifico, que deve ser apresentado ao final do curso de Pos-Graduacao. Para atingir este objetivo, os alunos deverao produzir um resumo cientifico.

Metodologia da pesquisa científica

Dental caries (decay) is an international public health challenge, especially amongst young children. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious public health problem in both developing and industrialized countries. ECC can begin early in life, progresses rapidly in those who are at high risk, and often goes untreated. Its consequences can affect the immediate and long-term quality of life of the child's family and can have significant social and economic consequences beyond the immediate family as well. ECC can be a particularly virulent form of caries, beginning soon after dental eruption, developing on smooth surfaces, progressing rapidly, and having a lasting detrimental impact on the dentition. Children experiencing caries as infants or toddlers have a much greater probability of subsequent caries in both the primary and permanent dentitions. The relationship between breastfeeding and ECC is likely to be complex and confounded by many biological variables, such as mutans streptococci, enamel hypoplasia, intake of sugars, as well as social variables, such as parental education and socioeconomic status, which may affect oral health. Unlike other infectious diseases, tooth decay is not self-limiting. Decayed teeth require professional treatment to remove infection and restore tooth function. In this review, we give detailed information about ECC, from its diagnosis to management.

Early childhood caries update: A review of causes, diagnoses, and treatments.

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) account for a considerable proportion of bodily injuries. Nevertheless, global TDI frequency is unknown, probably because TDI diagnosis is not standardized. This study estimated world TDI frequency. A literature search (publication years 1996-2016) was aimed at covering as many countries, communities, ethnic groups as possible, thus achieving high generalizability. In particular, non-specific keywords, no language restrictions, and large databanks were used. Observational studies reporting proportions of individuals with at least one TDI (prevalence) and who developed TDI (incidence rate) were considered. Prevalence rates to permanent dentition, primary dentition and in 12-year-olds, incidence rate to any tooth for any age, male-to-female prevalence ratio (PR) in 12-year-olds, with 95% confidence intervals (95 CIs), were extracted/calculated. Study quality, Z-score distribution, funnel plot symmetry analysis, between-study heterogeneity, sensitivity, and subgroup analyses were performed. Selected primary studies were 102 (permanent dentition; 268 755 individuals; median age, 13.8 years), 46 (primary dentition; 59 436 individuals; median age, 3.4 years), 42 (12-year-olds; 33 829 individuals), 11 (incidence rate; 233 480 person-years; median age, 7.8 years), and 31 (PR; 16 003 males, 16 006 females). World TDI frequency resulted as follows: permanent dentition prevalence 15.2% (95 CI, 13.0%-17.4%); primary dentition prevalence 22.7% (95 CI, 17.3%-28.7%); 12-year-olds prevalence 18.1% (95 CI, 15.3%-21.0%); incidence rate, 2.82 (95 CI, 2.28%-3.42%) per 100 person-years; PR, 1.43 (95 CI, 1.34%-1.52%). Differences between WHO Regions were found. This study shows that more than one billion living people have had TDI. TDI is a neglected condition which could rank fifth if it was included in the list of the world's most frequent acute/chronic diseases and injuries.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/edt.12389

World traumatic dental injury prevalence and incidence, a meta-analysis-One billion living people have had traumatic dental injuries.

Today the need to analyze health behaviour from a gender perspective is as imminent as ever, particularly at university, where the number of women who register is on the rise and has exceeded the number of male students worldwide. We carried out a prevalence study aimed at analyzing Spanish university students’ lifestyles and identify differences according to gender and academic discipline. Of 3,646 eligible subjects doing university courses related to health (Group A), education (Group B) and other professions (Group C), 985 (27.0%) participated in the study. Information was elicited about their physical activity level, disturbed eating attitudes, consumption of alcohol, tobacco and illegal substances. Prevalence and Odds Ratios (OR) were calculated according to sex and kind of academic discipline. The obtained data confirmed that only 27.4% of the students were considered as sufficiently active, while 14.9% of them suffered from disturbed eating attitudes (DEA). Women were particularly less active (OR 0.46 (0.32–0.66); p < 0.0001), and more sedentary than men (OR 1.40 (1.00–1.97); p = 0.03). Binge drinking was more frequent in female than in male students (OR 1.79 (1.29–2.47); p = 0.0004). A third of the analyzed sample admitted that they had used illegal substances, while a lower consumption prevalence was found in women (OR 0.53 (0.40–0.71); p < 0.0001). The studied population was not very active (27.4%), especially women (OR = 0.45). Therefore, it seems that Spanish university students lead an unhealthy lifestyle, a situation which seems more conspicuous amongst females.

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Lifestyle and health among Spanish university students: differences by gender and academic discipline.

Paradigm shift in the effective treatment of caries in schoolchildren at risk.

OBJETIVO: Analisar as diferencas nas condutas de saude de estudantes da area de saude de universidades publicas no inicio e no final do curso. METODOS: Estudo realizado com amostra estratificada por curso e por universidade, de 735 estudantes de ciencias da saude de universidades publicas do estado de Pernambuco, em 2006. Os dados foram coletados com a aplicacao do questionario National College Health Risk Behavior Survey, validado previamente para utilizacao com estudantes universitarios. Para analise de associacao foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher. Os resultados foram considerados significantes para p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos estudantes era do genero feminino (69,5%). Um menor percentual de estudantes ao final da graduacao informou morar com os pais ou responsaveis. As condutas de violencia, relacionadas ao peso e a atividade fisica nao apresentaram diferencas significativas, assim como a maioria das condutas de seguranca no trânsito e de alimentacao. O consumo de alcool (68,8% vs 83,3%), tabaco (40,7% vs 52,5%) e inalantes (10,2% vs 21,9%) e a pratica de relacao sexual (62,5% vs 85,0%) foram mais frequentes entre estudantes do final do curso, com diferencas estatisticamente significativas. CONCLUSOES: Em geral, as condutas de saude nao diferiram significativamente entre os estudantes do inicio e os do final do curso de graduacao na area de saude.

/pdf/comparative-study-of-health-behavior-among-college-students-inkkl5z35i.pdf

Comparative study of health behavior among college students at the start and end of their courses

Este estudo investigou diferencas entre os generos nas condutas de saude de universitarios em final de curso. A amostra foi composta de 382 estudantes de universidades publicas do Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, com idade entre 20 e 29 anos. Os dados foram coletados mediante a aplicacao do questionario National College Health Risk Behavior Survey, validado previamente para o portugues. Foram utilizadas tecnicas de estatistica descritiva e inferencial. Para analise de associacao foram utilizados teste qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher. Os resultados foram considerados significantes para p < 0,05. Verificou-se que, de modo geral, os estudantes do genero feminino apresentaram frequencias menores de condutas de risco para a saude como: consumo de alcool (p = 0,005), tabagismo (p = 0,002), experimentacao de maconha (p = 0,002), consumo de inalantes (p < 0,001), uso de esteroides (p = 0,003), porte de arma (p = 0,001) e envolvimento em briga fisica (p = 0,014). Os estudantes, no entanto, relataram maior preocupacao em perder ou manter o peso, apesar de a pratica de atividade fisica ter sido menos frequente neste grupo. Pode-se concluir que ha diferencas significativas com relacao as condutas de saude entre os generos, devendo haver abordagens diferenciadas para os dois grupos.

/pdf/condutas-de-saude-entre-universitarios-diferencas-entre-4iqciha9xc.pdf

Condutas de saúde entre universitários: diferenças entre gêneros

Dental anxiety is a common problem, related to dental pain, which contributes to irregular dental attendance and avoidance of dental care, resulting in poorer oral health during childhood. To evaluate anxiety, pain and/or discomfort related to dental treatment in 5- to 12-year-old children examined during a public holiday. This cross-sectional survey study was carried out with parental permission in 970 children of both sexes. Socio-economic status, dental anxiety and dental pain experience data were obtained through a questionnaire answered by parents or guardians. Dental anxiety was measured using the dental anxiety questionnaire (DAQ). The statistical analyses were performed using Pearson’s Chi-square test. The intra-examiner agreement was high (κ = 0.80) and the inter-examiner was κ = 0.79. The prevalence of dental anxiety was 39.4 % and that of a history of dental pain was 44.9 %. Dental anxiety among children was associated with the child never having had a dental appointment. The anxiety correlated positively with a history of dental pain (p < 0.001), the mother’s low level of schooling (p = 0.037), parents’ dental anxiety (p < 0.001), and negatively with visits to the dentist (p < 0.001). A high percentage of children presented with dental anxiety and a history of dental pain.

Dental anxiety and dental pain in 5- to 12-year-old children in Recife, Brazil.

Background. Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) has the advantages of reducing pain and fear and of being more cost-effective than the traditional approach. Aim.  The aim of this study was to investigate the survival of ART class I and II restorations in primary molars at 2 years. Design.  The sample consisted of 190 restorations and placed in 155 children 6-7 years old of both genders. The treatment was performed by two final-year dental students. All patients were treated in a completely supine position on tables available in the schools. The restorations were evaluated at 1, 12, and 24 months. Results.  The best results were found for class I in each period of follow-up. After 1 month, the success of class I restorations was 94.6% and class II restorations 70.1%. After 12 months, the success rate was 50.6% for class I and 15.2% for class II. The most frequent failure characteristics were totally or partially lost and gross marginal defect. Conclusions.  The rate of success of restorations using the ART approach was significantly lower for class II.

Two-year evaluation of the atraumatic restorative treatment approach in primary molars class I and II restorations

OBJETIVO Estimar a prevalencia do uso de drogas ilicitas e sua associacao com binge drinking e fatores sociodemograficos entre estudantes adolescentes METODOS Estudo transversal com amostra probabilistica por conglomerado, envolvendo 1154 estudantes, de 13 a 19 anos de idade, da rede publica de ensino, no municipio de Olinda, PE, 2014 Foi utilizado o questionario Youth […]

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Carolina da Franca

Papers

Comparative study of health behavior among college students at the start and end of their courses

Condutas de saúde entre universitários: diferenças entre gêneros

Dental anxiety and dental pain in 5- to 12-year-old children in Recife, Brazil.

Two-year evaluation of the atraumatic restorative treatment approach in primary molars class I and II restorations

Binge drinking and illicit drug use among adolescent students.