In this study, we elucidated the inhibitory effect of fucoidan from marine brown algae on the lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its mechanism. The treatment of fucoidan in a dose-dependent manner was examined on lipid inhibition in 3T3-L1 cells by using Oil Red O staining. Fucoidan showed high lipid inhibition activity at 200 μg/mL concentration (P < 0.001). Lipolytic activity in adipocytes is highly dependent on hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), which is one of the most important targets of lipolytic regulation. Here, we examined the biological response of fucoidan on the protein level of lipolysis pathway. The expressed protein levels of total hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) and its activated form, phosphorylated-HSL were significantly increased at concentration of 200 μg/mL fucoidan. Furthermore, insulin-induced 2-deoxy-D-[³H] glucose uptake was decreased up to 51% in fucoidan-treated cells as compared to control. Since increase of HSL and p-HSL expression and decrease of glucose uptake into adipocytes are known to lead to stimulation of lipolysis, our results suggest that fucoidan reduces lipid accumulation by stimulating lipolysis. Therefore, these results suggest that fucoidan can be useful for the prevention or treatment of obesity due to its stimulatory lipolysis.

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Fucoidan from Marine Brown Algae Inhibits Lipid Accumulation.

Obesity has recently risen and become a serious health concern in Korea according to the westernized diet and altered lifestyle. Hence, there is a growing interest in the supplementation of phytochemicals to find a safe and effective functional ingredient to treat obesity. Spergularia marina Griseb (SM) has traditionally been used as a natural herb against chronic diseases in Korea. In this study, we investigated the antiobesity effects of SM in vitro and in vivo. SM ethanol extract (SME) inhibited proliferation and differentiation in murine adipocytes and primary porcine pre-adipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In the in vivo study, supplementation of SM powder (SMP) remarkably attenuated fat accumulation in HFD-induced obese rats. In addition, SMP supplementation improved lipid profiles in the serum and tissues of high-fat induced obese rats. Collectively, these data indicated that SME exhibited antiobesity effects by modulating adipogenesis and lipolysis. Furthermore, SMP could be developed as an obesity-induced metabolic syndrome treatment.

Antiobesity Effects of Extract from Spergularia marina Griseb in Adipocytes and High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats.

This study aimed to examine the mechanisms underlying the effects of Garcinia cambogia extract on the adipogenic dif-ferentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and long-chain saturated fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity of HepG2 cells. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes,mouse embryonic fibroblast-adipose like cell line, were treated with MDI solution (0.5 mM IBMX, 1 µM dexamethasone,10 µg/mL insulin) to generate a cellular model of adipocyte differentiation. Using this cellular model, the anti-obesity effectof Garcinia cambogia extract was evaluated. MDI-induced lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenesis-related geneswere detected by Oil red O staining, Nile Red staining, and Western blot analysis. Effects Garcinia cambogia extract onpalmitate-induced lipotoxicity was also analyzed by MTT assay, LDH release, and DAPI staining in HepG2 cells. Garciniacambogia extract significantly suppressed the adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes and intracellular lipid accumula-tion in the differentiating adipocytes. Garcinia cambogia extract also markedly inhibited the expression of peroxisome pro-liferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2), CCAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), and adipocyte protein aP2 (aP2). Inaddition, Garcinia cambogia extract significantly attenuated palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Palmitate-induced cellular damage and reactive aldehydes were also significantly reduced in the presence of Garcinia cambogiaextract. These findings suggest that the Garcinia cambogia extract inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 pread-ipocytes, probably by regulating the expression of multiple genes associated with adipogenesis such as PPARγ2, C/EBPα,aP2, and thereby modulating fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity to reduce cellular injury in hepatocytes.Key words: anti-adipogenesis, Garcinia cambogia, gene expression, lipotoxicity

http://www.koreascience.or.kr:80/article/JAKO201319850774915.pdf

가르시니아 캄보지아 추출물의 지방세포 분화 및 지방 독성에 미치는 영향

In this study, the effects of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrical) seed oil and yukdomok (Chionanthus retusa L.) seed oil intake on lipid levels of blood and organs in mice were compared with those of commercially available vegetable oils. In this study, the group treated with sponge gourd seed oil showed the highest final weight, kidney weight, and content of intra-abdominal fat. The group treated with sponge gourd seed oil showed the highest total cholesterol level of 171.75±27.15 mg/dL in the blood, whereas the group treated with yukdomok seed oil showed the highest triacylglycerol level of 234.00±50.52 mg/dL. Further, the group treated with sponge gourd seed oil showed a significantly higher HDL-cholesterol level of 142.75±16.32 mg/dL compared to the other groups (p<0.05). These results suggest that oils extracted from sponge gourd and yukdomok seeds have health-related effects.

Effect of intake of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) seed oil and Yukdomok (Chionanthus retusa L.) seed oil on lipid levels of blood and organs of a mice

The inhibitory effects of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with water and ethanol extracts of Curdrania tricuspidata leaves were investigated. The lipid accumulation of ethanol extract from Curdrania tricuspidata leaves at a concentration of 5 mg/mL was reduced by 50% compared with control cells, whereas water extracts reduced by 86%. The survival rate of cell viability test showed 80% in the growth of cells at concentrations of 0.5-5 mg/mL. The contents of DNJ(1-deoxynojirimycin) and rutin were higher in leaves than those of stem. Moreover, DNJ contents were detected in large amounts in ethanol extract () compared with water extract (). On the contrary, the rutin contents was detected in large amounts in water extracts compared with ethanol extract. These results indicate that Curdrania tricuspidata leaves extract is potential sources of natural antiobesity agent.

Inhibition of Adipogenesis in 3T3-Ll Adipocytes with Water and Ethanol Extracts of Cudrania tricuspidata Leaves

분화된 3T3-L1 지방세포에서 수세미오이의 메탄올 추출물이 지방의 축적 및 분해에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 수세미오이의 메탄올 추출물 안전범위(0～1000 ㎍/mL)에서 지방대사 관련한 여러 과정을 확인한 결과 600 ㎍/mL 이상의 농도에서 세포 내 지방축적이 억제되었고 특히 지방구 내의 triglyceride 함량이 억제되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과에 대한 기전을 위해 포도당의 유입 억제로 인한 세포 내 triglyceride의 합성감소와 지방분해효소의 활성화로 인한 세포 내 triglyceride의 분해 증가의 두 가지로 확인하였다. 우선적으로 수세미오이의 메탄올 추출물의 포도당 유입 억제 효과를 실험하였지만 아무런 영향이 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 지방분해효소 중 LPL을 제외한 HSL과 ATGL의 유전자 발현이 증가됨에 따라 세포 내 triglyceride이 지방산과 glycerol로 분해되었을 것으로 생각되며 이러한 결과는 세포외로 유리된 glycerol의 함량이 수세미오이의 메탄올 추출물 1000 ㎍/mL의 농도에서 증가한 것을 통해 재확인할 수 있었다. 하지만 600 ㎍/mL의 농도에서 triglyceride 분해는 촉진되었으나 glycerol의 유리가 유의적으로 나타나지 않은 것은 세포 내에서 분해된 glycerol의 일부가 세포 내 생합성에 재사용되었을 것으로 생각되며 실제 세포 외로 유리된 양을 확인하기 위해서는 보다 높은 농도가 필요한 것으로 여겨진다. 전반적으로 본 실험에서는 수세미오이의 메탄올 추출물이 분화된 3T3-L1 지방세포에서 지방구의 생성을 억제하였으나 효과 농도가 다른 많은 천연물에 비해 다소 높게 나타남으로써 제약으로서의 생산으로는 제한점이 있을 것으로 생각되는 반면 식품으로서 꾸준히 사용될 경우 항비만 소재로서의 가능성이 있을 것으로 생각된다.

https://www.koreascience.or.kr:443/article/JAKO201020065114715.pdf

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분화된 3t3-l1 세포에서 수세미오이 메탄올 추출물의 지방분해 효과