Showing papers in "Journal of The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition in 2010"

뽕나무(Morus alba L.) 품종별 오디의 영양 및 기능성 성분과 이화학적 품질 특성 비교

Abstract: Nutritional and functional components, and physicochemical characteristics of mulberry fruits from Morus alba L. cultivars, including Daejappong, Iksuppong, Daesungppong, Yongppong, Cheongilppong, Gwasang 1 and Gwasang 2, were investigated and compared. Among the 7 mulberry cultivars examined, Iksuppong, Cheongilppong and Gwasang 2 had higher contents of nitrogen free extract, total sugar and total reducing sugar, than other mulberry cultivars, while contents of protein, fat, and fiber were lowest. Gwasang 1 and Daesungppong had the highest content of total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin. Daesungppong, Gwasang 1 and Gwasang 2 had higher contents of C3G and C3R than other mulberry cultivars, although C3R content of Cheongilppong was the highest. Four flavonoid contents varied among of 7 mulberry cultivars. Contents of two major flavonoids, rutin and quercetin, were the highest in Gwasang 2, while Iksuppong and Cheongilppong were the lowest. Contents of piceid and 4-prenylmoracin were the highest in Daesungppong and Cheongilppong, respectively. Cheongilppong of mulberrys had the highest content of GABA. Iksuppong and Gwasang 2 with moderate weight and dark color had higher contents of total soluble solid than other mulberry cultivars, while contents of titratable acidity were lower. Our results provide useful information on nutritional and functional constituents of mulberry fruits according to cultivars, and their physicochemical and processing properties.

누룩 종류에 따른 현미 탁주의 품질특성

Abstract: This study evaluates quality of Nuruk, which is a source material of Takju, collected in Daegu and Gyeongbuk and investigates fermentation characteristics of Takju made of it. Totally 7 types of Nuruk were examined and their pH and titratable acidity were 5.4~5.9 and around 0.1%, respectively. Saccharifying activity was high in D, F, G, A and E Nuruk by recording over 300 ㎎%. Lactic acid bacteria count was the highest in G Nuruk with 3.78×10? and yeast and total microbe count recorded the highest levels, 3.78×10? and 3.47×10?, respectively in B Nuruk. When quality characteristics of Takju made of each type of Nuruk were compared, alcohol content was the highest in G Nuruk by recording 19.0% and titratable acidity was 0.44~0.86% in all samples. Hunter's color, brown color and turbidity showed different levels according to types of Nuruk and all lactic acid bacteria, yeast and total microbe counts were the highest in A and E Nuruk. For alcohol components, E and G Nuruk showed high fusel oil content levels and methanol and fusel oil contents of all samples were suitable as standards, respectively. The total organic acid content was the highest in B Nuruk at about 4,000 ㎎% and it was 2,000 ㎎% and around 1,000 ㎎% in A, E, F and G Nuruk and C and D Nuruk, respectively. The content of total free amino acid was the highest in B Nuruk at 3,676 ㎎% and it was observed to be 1,890, 1,676 and 1,531 ㎎% in G, E and C Nuruk in that order, respectively. Sensory preference of subjects in their 20s was high overall in G and C Nuruk and that of those in their 40s was high in F and C Nuruk. From all of these results, the types of Nuruk largely affected quality and components of Takju and an appropriate method to consider useful purpose is needed.

땅콩나물 추출물의 항산화 효과

Abstract: For the long-term goal of using peanut sprouts as a functional food material, the total polyphenol content and the antioxidant activity of methanol extracts were examined with use of 9 day-old peanut sprouts and peanuts collected in Chungbuk, Gyeongbuk and Jeonbuk provinces of Korea, China and Vietnam. The polyphenol levels in the sprout extracts were higher than those of the peanut extracts. The phenolic content of the Gyeongbuk peanut sprout extract (20.4 ㎎/g) was the highest of the tested samples. After 9 days of germination the peanut sprout extracts had higher activities than those of the peanut extracts. In particular, the activity of Gyeongbuk peanut sprout extract was the highest (37.67% at a concentration of 200 ㎕/㎖), and its reducing power demonstrated a similar trend. The DPPH radical scavenging activities were measured for methanol extracts of cotyledon, root and stem of Gyeongbuk peanut sprouts; the highest (90.96% at a concentration of 200 ㎕/㎖) was the activity of cotyledon. ABTS radical scavenging and β-carotene bleaching activities also were higher in the cotyledon extract than in those of the root or the stem. The resveratrol content was higher in the Gyeongbuk peanut sprout extract than in the Gyeongbuk peanut extract (15.05 ㎍/g and 1.42 ㎍/g, respectively). These results suggest that peanut sprouts potentially could be used as a functional food material exhibiting antioxidant effects.

Physicochemical Characteristic and Antioxidant Activites of Cereals and Legumes in Korea

Abstract: Physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of twelve varieties of legumes and cereals in Korea were analyzed and compared Crude protein content was higher in legumes (2060~3447%) than in cereals (896~1545%) Crude fat contents of soybean (1773%) and black soybean (1879%) were higher than other legumes (068~138%) and cereals (101~539%) The major minerals were potassium, calcium and sodium, and especially calcium and potassium were high in legumes Unsaturated fatty acids composition ranged from 6679% in cowpea to 8514% in soybean, and -3 fatty acids (linolenic acid) content was higher of 747~4825% in legumes than 036~371% in cereals Total polyphenol content was higher 132~415 mg/g in 80% EtOH extracts from legumes than 053~283 mg/g in cereals DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were high values of 6260% and 26420 mg AA eq/g, respectively, in EtOH extract from sorghum

주요 식용버섯 추출물의 생리활성 효과

Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the physiological activity of extracts of fresh mushrooms. The components were extracted by hot water; subsequently, the hot-water extract was subjected to 60% ethanol precipitation to yield high-molecular-weight (HMW) and low-molecular-weight (LMW) fractions. Total polyphenol contents, β-glucan contents, electron-donating ability (EDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, nitrite-scavenging activity, fibrinolytic activity, nitric oxide (NO) production, and inhibition of NO production of the mushroom extracts were measured using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells. The extracts of Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer and Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) Kummer contained the highest levels of β-glucan (33.5% and 25.57%, respectively). Further, the LMW fractions of the Phellinus linteus contained the highest levels of polyphenols (233.23 ㎎/g). The EDA of LMW fractions (10 ㎎/mL) of the Phellinus linteus and Agaricus bisporus were 80.74% and 51.35%, respectively. Further, SOD-like activities of the LMW fractions were high as compared to those of the HMW fractions. Nitrite-scavenging activities of the LMW fractions (pH 1.2; concentration, 10 ㎎/mL) of the Phellinus linteus and Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) Kummer were 75.95% and 41.05%, respectively. The fibrinolytic activity of the LMW fractions of all mushrooms showed no enzyme activity by fibrin plate assay. The fibrinolytic activity of the extracts of Tricholoma matsutake was the greatest inhibitory activity at 60.4%. Further study revealed that the mushroom extracts exhibited anti-inflammatory effects on RAW 264.7 cells. The LMW fraction (500 ㎍/mL) of the Phellinus linteus considerably inhibited NO production (100%).

발아현미 첨가에 따른 국수의 제조 특성과 gaba 함량 및 항산화 활성 변화

Abstract: This study was to investigate the quality characteristics of noodles prepared with germinated brown rice and rice bran, and to determine the changes in GABA content and antioxidant activity of the noodles. These noodles were evaluated for cooking properties (cooking loss, swelling index, water holding capacity), total polyphenols, antioxidant activities (radical scavenging of ABTS and DPPH), and GABA contents. The addition of germinated rice bran in the range of 5, 10, and 15% showed a significant influence on cooking loss, although no effect on swelling index was observed. The raw and cooked noodles containing germinated brown rice and rice bran contained more GABA contents (2751.6~4176.7 and 5522.0~9617.8 nmol/20 g of fresh noodle, respectively) than those of non-germinated brown rice and rice bran. Noodles made with germinated brown rice and rice bran had similar total polyphenolics contents and antioxidant activities compared to noodles made with non-germinated brown rice and rice bran. Overall, the germinated brown rice could be used as a good ingredient to increase the nutritional value and antioxidant properties of wheat flour noodle without affecting the cooking properties.

Physicochemical Properties of Rice Cultivars with Different Amylose Contents

Abstract: Rice cultivars of Goami2 (G2), Baegjinju (BJJ), and Sulgaeng (SG) with different amylose contents were developed by mutation breeding via N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) treatment to Ilpumbyeo (IP), high japonica rice. They were identified by different appearances such as grain size, color, and shape. In this experiment, the compositional and physical qualities of those cultivars were examined. The G2 rice classified as a high-amylose rice cultivar was significantly higher in its non-digestable carbohydrates contents. Linoleic and oleic acid were composed of 70~75% of all fatty acids composition regardless of milled and brown rice, except G2 rice in which palmitic acid was the major fatty acid followed by linoleic acid and oleic acid in order. Major amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and hydroxy lysine. It was found that cysteine contents were higher in the cultivars of endosperm mutant rice. The DSC analysis revealed that enthalpy was the highest in BJJ followed by SG, IP, and G2 rice. The lowest enthalpy of G2 might be attributable to the higher amylose content. Ilpumbyeo in its cooked rice form showed the highest in Toyo value and less in hardness, but G2 was vise versa. Results of gelatinization and cooked rice properties suggest that G2 was less suitable for cooked rice, but has a potential for functional ingredients from nutritional point of view. The BJJ and SG could be used for traditional cooking as well as for processed foods.

황금추출물이 고지방 식이를 급여한 흰쥐의 지질대사 및 항산화방어계에 미치는 영향

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of a Scutellaria baicalensis water extract (SDWE) on lipid levels, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities on rats fed a high fat diet for 6 weeks. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats (4-weeks-old) were randomly divided into four groups: normal diet and deionized water (ND), normal diet and Scutellaria baicalensis water extract (NDS), high fat diet and deionized water (HFD), high fat diet and Scutellaria baicalensis water extract (HFDS). The food intakes were significantly lower, but the food efficiency ratios were significantly higher in the high fat diet groups than those in other groups. The level of HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio in plasma were significantly higher and AI (atherogenic index) in HFDS group was significantly lower than that in HFD group. The level of triglyceride in plasma was significantly decreased in SDWE groups. The triglyceride of liver was significantly increased in the high fat diet groups and the total cholesterol of liver in the HFDS group was significantly lower than that in the HFD group. The plasma and liver concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the NDS group were significantly lower than those in the ND group. The total antioxidant status (TAS) in plasma was significantly increased in the HFDS group compared to the HFD group. The activities of SOD, catalase and GST were significantly increased in SDWE groups compared to ionized water groups. The activity of GSH-Px and the concentration of GSH in liver in the HFDS group were significantly higher than those in the HFD group. These results suggest that a supplement of SDWE on rats fed high fat diet reduce levels of lipid and lipid peroxidation in plasma and liver and improve the antioxidant defense systems.

벼 품종별 현미와 백미 70% 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 성분 및 항산화 효과

Abstract: 본 연구에서는 여러 가지 벼 품종(삼광벼, 설갱벼, 큰눈벼, 화선찰벼, 홍진주벼, 흑광벼, 일품벼, 하이아미 및 녹미)의 현미와 백미 70% 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 성분과 항산화활성을 비교.분석하여 쌀의 기능적 가치를 평가함으로써 이용 가능성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 주요 품종별 현미와 백미의 항산화 성분으로는 polyph...

천일염이 된장의 품질특성에 미치는 영향

Abstract: B. subtilis DJI 특유의 생육특징을 이용하여 제조된 세균형 코지에 첨가소금을 달리하여 두 가지 종류의 된장(정제염 된장, 천일염 된장)을 제조하였다. 된장 제조 시 사용된 소금의 무기질 함량을 분석한 결과 정제염은 Na와 Cl이 99.92%를 차지하였으며, 천일염은 Na와 Cl이 94.14%로 가장 많은 함량을 차지하였고 이외에도 SO₄, Mg, K, Br, Ca 등이 5.85%로 검출되어, NaCl 이외에도 다양한 무기질이 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 제조된 된장은 10℃, 20℃, 30℃에서 60일간 숙성시키면서 그 품질특성을 살펴보았다. 된장은 숙성기간이 경과함에 따라 수분함량이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었고 숙성온도가 높을수록 더욱 많이 감소하였으나, 동일 조건에서 천일염 된장(51.88%→47.90%)이 정제염 된장(51.55%→45.38%)에 비해 수분함량이 적게 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 제조된장의 pH와 산도 변화에 있어서 소금에 따른 큰 차이는 없는 것으로 보이며 두 된장 모두 숙성기간이 지남에 따라 pH는 저하되고 산도는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 본 연구에서 제조된 된장은 숙성기간이 길수록, 숙성온도가 높을수록 갈변이 촉진되었고, 천일염 된장이 정제염 된장에 비해 갈변진행 속도가 현저히 느림을 확인할 수 있었다. 제조된장의 숙성 중 유리 아미노산 함량은 정제염 된장과 천일염 된장 모두 증가하였으며, 각각의 숙성조건에서 천일염 된장(2242.98 ㎎%)이 정제염 된장(1937.13 ㎎%)에 비해 유리아미노산 함량이 높게 검출되었다.

국내산 블루베리의 품종별 성분분석 및 반응표면분석법을 이용한 잼 제조

Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate proximate compositions, acidity, and soluble solids of various blueberries produced in Korea and to prepare jam with optimized overall palatability by a response surface methodology. Proximate compositions were 75~88% in moisture, 0.32~0.62% in crude protein, 0.12~0.39% in crude lipid, and 10.18~23.80% in carbohydrate. Acidity and soluble solids of blueberries showed 0.82~1.58% and 7~12?Brix, respectively. The effect of sucrose (X₁, 200~300 g), pectin (X₂, 0~10 g), and citric acid (X₃, 0~0.5 g) on overall palatability of blueberry jam were investigated at five levels using a central composite design. Overall palatability of blueberry jam showed maximum score in 200 g blueberry, 248 g sucrose, 4.8 g pectin, and 0.26 g citric acid.

Volatile Compounds in Liquor Distilled from Mash Produced Using Koji or Nuruk under Reduced or Atmospheric Pressure

Abstract: Hwayo Co., Gyeonggi 469-881, KoreaAbstractIn this study, volatile compounds in liquor distilled from mash produced using koji or nuruk under reduced or atmospheric pressure were analyzed and eventually, the proper starter material and distillation method was selected. Acetaldehyde was detected two or three times more in the liquor distilled under the atmospheric pressure than under the reduced pressure. Furfural was only detected in the liquor distilled under the atmospheric pressure. Esters were detected more in the liquor distilled under the atmospheric pressure than the reduced pressure. Ethyl pelargonate and 2-phenyl ethanol were particularly detected two times more in the liquor distilled under the atmospheric pressure than the reduced pressure. Methanol was detected two times more in the liquor made with nuruk than that with koji. These results suggest that the liquor distilled from the mash produced using koji under the reduced pressure may have the better quality.Key words: distilled liquor, volatile compounds, soju, atmospheric pressure, reduced pressure

Development of Brown Colored Rice Tea with High GABA Content

Abstract: As a means to increase the production and consumption of the brown colored rice with high content of GABA (-aminobutyric acid), this study was conducted to develop brown colored rice tea. After roasting at various temperatures and times, color values and GABA content of the brown colored rice were analyzed. Physicochemical properties such as browning, turbidity, reducing sugar, soluble solid, total polyphenol and pH of brown colored rice tea were determined after the rice powder was put into tea bags and leached in hot water. Sensory characteristics were investigated for three kinds of tea roasted at for 10, 20 and 30 min. As the roasting temperature and time increased, L, a and b values decreased as well as GABA content. The brown colored rice roasted at for 10 min contained the highest content of GABA. Browning, turbidity, reducing sugar, soluble solid and total polyphenol of the brown colored rice tea increased as the roasting temperature and time increased, on the contrary, pH decreased. The brown colored rice tea roasted for 30 min was preferred the most in color, flavor, taste and overall acceptance. From this result, the brown colored rice tea needs to be manufactured by a combination of the brown colored rice roasted at for 10 min and 30 min to satisfy the consumer`s preference and high content of GABA.

Effect of Combined Treatment of Ultraviolet-C with Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide or Fumaric Acid on the Postharvest Quality of Strawberry Fruit “Flamengo” during Storage

Abstract: The combined effect of 50 ppm aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) or 0.5% fumaric acid with 5 kJ/m 2 ultraviolet-C (UV-C) on the postharvest quality of \"Flamengo\" strawberries was examined. After non-thermal treatment, the samples were stored at 4±1C for 12 days. The combined treatment of fumaric acid/UV-C reduced the initial populations of total aerobic bacteria and yeast and molds in the strawberries by 2.09 and 2.02 log CFU/g, respectively, compared to those of the control. In addition, after 12 days of storage the yeast and molds population in the combined treatment was 1.72 log CFU/g, compared to 5.10 log CFU/g for the control, resulting in a significant decrease of 3.38 log CFU/g. Postharvest treatments used in this study caused negligible changes in the color of the strawberries. Sensory evaluation results indicated that the combined postharvest treatment provided better sensory scores than did the control. In particular, the overall acceptability scores were higher for the combined treatment groups after 5 days of storage. These results suggest that combined treatment of either 50 ppm ClO2 or 0.5% fumaric acid with 5 kJ/m 2 UV-C can be useful for maintaining the quality of strawberries.

발효처리가 인삼잎의 진세노사이드 및 페놀산 조성 변화와 생리활성에 미치는 영향

Abstract: 본 연구에서는 인삼잎이 인삼뿌리보다 사포닌 함량이 높은 부위로서 식품 소재로 이용가치가 있을 것으로 생각되어 인삼잎을 이용하여 차 제품을 개발하기 위한 방안으로 인삼잎을 발효시켜 진세노사이드 조성 및 형태별 페놀산 조성의변화를 분석하고 인삼잎을 침출시켜 침출액에 대한 전자공여능과 tyrosinase 저해활성을 측정하였다 인삼잎에서 진세노사이드는 10종이 검출되었고 주된 진세노사이드는 ginsenoside-Rg1(260 ㎎/g), -Re(473 ㎎/g) 및 -Rd(239㎎/g)이었고 발효에 의하여 ginsenoside-Rh2, -Rh1, -Rg2 및 -Rg3는 증가하였으며 특히 Rg3는 15배가 증가하였다 인삼잎의 총 폴리페놀성 함량은 3504 ㎎%이었고 발효인삼잎은 3125 ㎎%으로 발효에 의해서는 약간 감소하였다 인삼잎의 페놀산은 결합형은 검출되지 않았고, 유리형과 에스테르형이 각각 8 및 6종이 검출되었으며 그중에서 ferulic acid가 각각 126 및 507 ㎎%로 가장 많은 함량을 차지하고 있었다 발효인삼잎에서는 ferulic acid는 상당량이 감소하였으나 protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid의 3종의 페놀산이 유리형, 에스테르형 및 결합형 모두에서 상당량 증가하여 총 함량이 각각 28배, 5배 및 78배 증가하였다 인삼잎을 침출시킨 액을 이용하여 전자공여능과 tyrosinase 저해활성을 측정한 결과 전자공여능은 발효에 의하여 활성이 증가하지는 않았으나, tyrosinase 저해활성은 증가하여 500 μL/mL 농도로 첨가 시 465%를 나타내어 무발효인삼잎에 비하여 2배 이상 증가하여 시판녹차와 비슷한 결과를 보여주었다

바나나 분말을 첨가한 스펀지케이크의 품질 특성

Abstract: In this study, sponge cakes were prepared with substitution of 5, 10, 15, and 20% banana powder. The specific gravity and viscosity tended to increase as the ratio of banana powder increased. The foaming stability was highest at the 10% substitution level. The control group had significantly higher moisture content and volume index than the banana powder samples. The crust color values (a, b) decreased significantly with increased content of banana powder, but the a value increased. Crumb colors values (L, b) decreased as banana powder content increased while the a value increased. In terms of textural characteristics, the samples containing 5, 15, and 20% banana powder had significantly higher hardness than the 0 and 10% samples. Fracturability and resilience were maximal with 15% and 5%, respectively. Adhesiveness and chewiness were not significantly different among the samples. In the sensory evaluation, scores for banana flavor, coarseness, color, flavor, softness, and overall acceptability increased as the level of banana powder content increased. Sweetness was not significantly different among the samples. The control group had significantly higher egg-flavor as compared to the samples containing banana powder. The results indicated that substituting 10% banana powder to sponge cake is optimal for quality and provides a product with reasonably high overall acceptability.

국화과 식물 중 꽃 에탄올추출물의 항산화효과

Abstract: The present experiments were carried out to develop new antioxidants from EtOH extract of flower resources of Compositae plant concerning total polyphenol and flavonoid content, scavenging activities on DPPH and ABTS radicals, ferrous ion chelating effects, and inhibition activity on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid. EtOH extracts from Matricaria recutica, Cosmos bipinnatus, Synurus deltoides, and Aster pilosus showed higher level of total polyphenol content, and the flavonoid content was the highest in C. bipinnatus. However, scavenging activity on DPPH radicals was the highest in EtOH extract of Hieracium pilosella －1.1 times higher than BHT control. The activity on ABTS radical scavenging was the highest in EtOH extracts of M. recutica and S. deltoides－2.0 and 1.2 times higher than ascorbic acid, and 2.2 and 1.3 times higher than BHT, respectively. Ferrous ion chelating effects was also the highest in M. recutica, but the level was much lower than EDTA. Inhibition activity on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid, measured at every 4 days for 32 days, was superior and longer lasting with M. recutica and Achillea alpina, compared to that of BHT. In conclusion, antioxidant activity was different depending on species, so selection of proper plant species for the development of potential antioxidant is very important.

흑마늘 용매 분획물의 항산화 활성

Abstract: To confirm antioxidant activity of black garlic, methanol extract of black garlic was fractioned by hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, buthanol and water. Antioxidant activities of solvent fractions were assayed in 100, 250, 500 and 1,000 ㎍/㎖ concentrations. The contents of total phenol and flavonoids were significantly higher 5.5～11.6 times in chloroform, ethyl acetate and hexane fraction than other fractions. Antioxidant activities of solvent fractions were increased by higher sample concentrations and their activities were significantly higher in chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions than others. DPPH radical scavenging activity was over 50% in 1,000 ㎍/㎖ concentration, except butanol and water fraction. In the same concentration, reducing power was also significantly lower in butanol and water fraction. ABTS radical scavenging activity was higher in hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions and was over 70% at 1,000 ㎍/㎖ concentration. In 1,000 ㎍/㎖ concentration, the range of hydroxy radical scavenging activity was 50.27～81.02% and SOD-like ability was 26.73～47.64%. Antioxidant activity in linoleic acid reaction system was significantly higher when storage time was longer and sample concentration was higher in non-polar solvent fractions. Nitrite scavenging activity was relatively higher than antioxidant activity and the activity in 100 ㎍/㎖ concentration was over than 50%, except butanol fraction.

Quality Characteristics of Bread Containing Various Levels of Flowering Cherry (Prunus serrulata L. var. spontanea Max. wils.) Fruit Powder

Abstract: The study investigated on quality characteristics of pan breads prepared with 0, 1, 3 and 5% flowering cherry (Prunus serrulata L. var. spontanea Max. wils.) fruit powder. The pH of dough and bread decreased with the addition of flowering cherry fruit powder, whereas the weight of bread increased. The volume, specific volume and baking loss rate of the breads decreased as flowering cherry fruit powder levels increased. The volume of dough during fermentation of bread containing flowering fruit cherry powder was smaller than those of the dough without flowering cherry fruit powder. Lightness (L) and yellowness (b) of breads crumb and crust color were decreased as the concentration of flowering cherry fruit powder increased; however, the redness (a) was increased. In the texture analyzer measurement, hardness and chewiness of the breads were significantly increased by adding the powder but cohesiveness was decreased. There was no significant difference in springiness. The antioxidative activity measured by DPPH radical scavenging activity of bread increased as the concentration of flowering cherry fruit powder increased. The bread containing 3% flowering cherry fruit powder has acceptable sensory properties. such as color, smell, taste, chewiness, texture and overall acceptability. The results exhibited that adding the flowering cherry fruit powder into the bread increased antioxidant activity, and the highest quality improvement was obtained by incorporating 3% flowering cherry fruit powder into the bread formula.

더덕(Codonopsis lanceolata) 추출물의 in vitro 및 in vivo 항산화 효과

Abstract: In vitro activities of Codonopsis lanceolata (CL) 70% ethanol extract and its fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water) were examined by total polyphenol content, reducing power, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. The ethyl acetate fraction from CL ethanol extract (CLEA) showed the highest total polyphenol content (22.7 ㎎/g) among five fractions, and also exhibited an excellent reducing power (0.42~1.27 at 250~1,000 ㎍/㎖). CLEA at 100~400 ㎍/㎖ concentrations had 27.7~70.3% of ABTS radical scavenging activity and the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (81.6% at 400 ㎍/㎖). CLEA had dominantly higher ORAC ROOㆍ activity compared to other fractions. CLEA and butanol fraction had significantly higher ORAC OHㆍ activities than 70% ethanol extract, hexane, chloroform and water fractions. The CLEA exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in CL 70% ethanol extract and its fractions. Thus, effect of CLEA treatment on antioxidant gene expression under the oxidative stress conditions by a high fat diet in animal model was studied by microarray and RT-PCR methods. The 31 antioxidant genes were expressed but the genes were not up-regulated at least a two-fold by CLEA treatment. We concluded that CLEA does not have an indirect antioxidant effect but a direct antioxidant effect by up-regulation of antioxidant genes in high fat diet-induced obese mice.

초고압 추출 처리에 의한 더덕 및 발효더덕의 항산화 증진

Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate antioxidant activity of low-quality Codonopsis lanceolata treated by fermentation process followed by hydraulic high pressure extraction. C. lanceolata was subjected to 5,000 bar for 30 min at 25℃. The highest phenolics content was observed in the combined treatment of fermentation and high pressure extraction (35.11 ㎎/100 g), followed by high pressure extraction alone (14.78 ㎎/100 g) and conventional extraction (14.56 ㎎/100 g). The content of flavonoids followed the similar pattern as that of total phenolics, showing 280.86 ㎎/100 g of C. lanceolata treated by the combined fermentation with high pressure extraction whereas 193.05 ㎎/100 g of C. lanceolata treated by the conventional extraction. The DPPH scavenging activity was 69.32% at 0.6 ㎎/mL of C. lanceolata treated by the combined process, while the DPPH scavenging activities of C. lanceolata treated by high pressure extraction alone and the conventional extraction were 60.35% and 30.92%, respectively. The highest reducing power of C. lanceolata extract (1.0 ㎎/mL) was observed at the combined treatment (0.926), followed by high pressure extraction alone (0.881) and the conventional extraction (0.733). The combination of fermentation with high pressure extraction significantly increased the contents of phenolics and flavonoids and also enhanced the antioxidant activity. Therefore, the combined application of fermentation and high pressure extraction can be an alternative technique for the extraction of C. lanceolata. These results provide useful information for enhancing biological properties of low-quality C. lanceolata.

대학생의 영양표시 확인 여부에 따른 영양표시에 대한 지식, 인식 및 유용성 자각 비교

Abstract: This study describes the prevalence of nutrition labelling use and its association with demographic factors, knowledge and perception of nutrition labelling, and awareness of nutrition labelling usefulness among 282 college students, aged 21~23 years, in BusanㆍGyeongnam area. The subjects consisted of 150 of male (53.2%) and 132 of female (46.8%) students. 31.3% of male students and 50% of female students reported reading nutrition labelling always or usually, while 34.7% of male and 13.6% of female subjects reported that they don't use nutrition labelling. Although most of the subjects perceived the need of nutrition labelling, their knowledge and understanding of nutrition labelling and their awareness of nutrition labelling usefulness were not enough to apply the information from the nutrition labelling in their daily life, even in the subjects who reported reading nutrition labelling always or usually. This statement might be one of the reasons why there were no significant differences among the groups divided by nutrition labelling use in regards to the dietary habit or snack eating habit in this study. Therefore, a practical nutrition education program on nutrition labelling should be provided for the college students to increase nutrition labelling use and to apply the information from nutrition labelling in their daily life in order to maintain healthy dietary habit.

Contents of Heavy Metals in Marine Invertebrates from the Korean Coast

Abstract: West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Incheon 400-420, Korea AbstractTo measure the heavy metal contents of marine invertebrates, we collected 239 individuals representing 52 species from the eastern (Pohang), western (Gunsan), and southern (Tongyeong) coasts of Korea: 34 species of molluscan shellfish(Gastropoda and Bivalvia), 6 species of Cephalopoda, 8 species of Crustacea, and 4 other species. The mean levels of the heavy metals in the samples taken from the edible portion of each Gastropoda were high in the order of Zn (21.471 μg/g), Cu (4.115 μg/g), Mn (0.868 μg/g), Ni (0.254 μg/g), Pb (0.238 μg/g), Cd (0.154 μg/g), and Cr (0.110 μg/g). The heavy metals in the Bivalvia were high in the order of Zn (35.655 μg/g), Mn (5.500 μg/g), Cu (3.129 μg/g), Cd (0.423 μg/g), Ni (0.402 μg/g), Cr (0.233 μg/g), and Pb (0.232 μg/g). The heavy metals in the Cephalopoda were high in the order of Zn (18.380 μg/g), Cu (3.594 μg/g), Mn (0.630 μg/g), Cr (0.150 μg/g), Pb (0.068 μg/g), Cd (0.034 μg/g), and Ni (0.030 μg/g). The heavy metals in the Crustacea were high in the order of Zn (25.333 μg/g), Cu (9.042 μg/g), Mn (0.659 μg/g), Cr (0.592 μg/g), Cd (0.207 μg/g), Pb (0.126 μg/g), and Ni (0.094 μg/g). Therefore, the mean levels of the harmful heavy metals (Cd and Pb) in marine invertebrates were high in the order of Bivalvia>Crustacea＝Gastropoda>Cephalopoda. The average daily intakes of the heavy metals from the fisheries products were as follows: Cd (6.88 μg), Cr (19.13 μg), Cu (137.02 μg), Mn (156.13 μg), Ni (11.39 μg), Pb (7.01 μg) and Zn (1,025.94 μg). The average weekly intakes of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn from the fisheries products were 11.47%, 0.46%, 3.27% and 1.71% respectively, as compared with PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes) established by FAO/WHO Expert Committee for Food Safety Evaluation.Key words: marine invertebrates, heavy metal, daily average intake, provisional tolerable weekly intakes

진귤 및 온주밀감 진피의 항산화 활성

Abstract: This study was carried out to investigate total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents and antioxidative activities of the methanol extracts from dried Citrus sunki and C. unshiu peels. The dried C. sunki peels displayed higher total polyphenol and flavonoid contents for older dried peels. In contrast, the dried C. unshiu peels displayed higher total polyphenol contents for more recently dried and displayed high total flavonoid contents by order of 2007, 2008 and 2006. DPPH radical scavenging activities of dried C. sunki peels were high by order of 2007 (0.25 ㎎/mL exception), 2006 and 2008, but C. unshiu peels could not confirm clear regularity. In particular, the dried C. sunki (2008, exception) and C. unshiu peels displayed very high activities of more than 86% in 1.0 ㎎/mL. Alkyl radical scavenging activities of dried C. sunki peels were higher for older dried peels (2007, 1.0 ㎎/mL exception), and that of dried C. unshiu peels were higher for more recently dried in below 0.5 ㎎/mL but were higher for older peels in 1.0 ㎎/mL. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities of dried C. sunki peels were higher for older peels (2007, 2.5 ㎎/mL exception), on the other hand, dried C. unshiu were higher for more recently dried. In particular, dried C. unshiu peels displayed high activities of more than 85% in 2.5 ㎎/mL. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of dried C. sunki and C. unshiu peels displayed low activities compared to other reactive oxygen species as the range of 49.9±2.2~63.5±0.9% in 1.0 ㎎/mL.

오미자 열수 추출물의 항산화 활성과 아질산 소거능 및 α-Glucosidase 저해 효과

Abstract: The nutraceutical role of omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) water extract (OWE) was determined through the analysis of antioxidant activity, nitrite scavening activity, and xanthine oxdiase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects Antioxidant activity of OWE was measured by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase-like activity (SODA) DPPH radical scavenging activity and SODA increased in a dose-dependent manner, and was about 490% at 25 ㎎/mL and 692% at 5 ㎎/mL, respectively The xanthine oxidase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of OWE were about 888% and 862% at 1 ㎎/mL, respectively Nitrite scavenging activity of OWE was about 549%, 424%, and 342% on pH 12, 30, and 60 at 1 mg/mL, respectively These results suggest that OWE has a strong antioxidant activity, and xanthine oxidase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects

부산ㆍ경북지역 초ㆍ중학교 급식메뉴의 나트륨 함량 및 학생들의 나트륨 섭취 실태 조사

Abstract: Sodium is a major component that maintains homeostasis and physiological state in body. It is an essential mineral that the body cannot produce for itself, so it must be supplied from food. On the other hand, overindulgence is one cause of hypertension, stroke, stomach cancer, osteoporosis and kidney disease. The purpose of this study was to monitor sodium content in meals of school foodservice. In this study, 801 samples (main/side dishes) were collected from 8 school foodservice in Busan and Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. Samples were classified into 21 food items, which were cooked rices, cooked rice with seasoning, noodles, cooked gruels, soups, stews, tang and chon-gol, stir-fried foods, fried foods, pan-fried foods, hard-boiled foods, roasted foods, steamed foods, seasoned vegetables, preserved foods, kimchis, sauces, fruits, breads and snacks, beverages, and dairy products. The samples were analyzed by AAS (atomic absorption spectrometry) after microwave digestion. The sodium content of sauces (1459 ㎎/100 g) and preserved foods (1165 ㎎/100 g) was higher than those of other dishes. Aside from them, sodium contents of roasted foods (894 ㎎/100 g), hard-boiled foods (786 ㎎/100 g) and kimchis (737 ㎎/100 g) were relatively higher than the others. Sodium intakes from meals of school foodservice were calculated by multiplying food intakes by sodium contents. The average sodium intakes from one serving of school foodservice were 605 ㎎ for younger boys, 572 ㎎ for younger girls, 774 ㎎ for older boys, 730 ㎎ for older girls in elementary school. Boys in middle school took in 1423 ㎎ Na whereas girls consumed 1063 ㎎ Na in middle school. Results from this study can be useful for establishing database of sodium contents and intake in meals of school foodservice. The database will be helpful for providing information on managing food for children.

고구마의 육질색 종류별 고구마 분말의 이화학적 특성

Abstract: Physicochemical properties of flours prepared from sweet potatoes with different flesh color (white, yellow/orange and purple) were investigated. Sweet potatoes were soaked in solutions of antibrowning agents such as sodium metabisulfite and citric acid, and freeze or hot air-dried prior to grinding to produce sweet potato flours. Sweet potato flours with different flesh colors showed differences in chemical composition. Purplefleshed sweet potato flour had higher protein, ash, and dietary fiber contents that white and yellow/orangefleshed sweet potato flours. Average particle size of yellow/orange-fleshed sweet potato flour was higher than those of white/yellow or purple-fleshed sweet potato flour. Both water absorption index (WAI) and oil absorption capacity of flours prepared from sweet potatoes by hot-air drying were higher than those from sweet potatoes by freeze drying.

Changes in Selected Components and Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity of Peppers Depending on Cultivation

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate selected functional compounds and biological activities of 11 different pepper cultivars grown in rain-shelter and field. The selected compounds were capsaicinoids, polyphenolic and vitamin C. Antioxidant activities were measured by ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power and metal chelating effect. Antiproliferative activity was assessed by the measurement of the inhibition of HCT116, MCF 7 and NCI-H460 cancer cell proliferation. The contents of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, polyphenolics and vitamin C from 11 cultivars grown in field were 0.0~268.3 mg/100 g, 0~55.1 mg/100 g, 635~878 mg/100 g and 4.1~8.2 mg/g, respectively. There were significant differences in the content of selected compounds among the cultivars, although no significant difference in rain-shelter and field was detected. Similar to the results from the selected compounds, there was no difference in antioxidant and antiproliferative activities between rain-shelter and field. This research provides basic information on functional compounds and biological activity of cultivation methods and pepper cultivars.

Extraction Conditions of Radical Scavenging Caffeoylquinic Acids from Gomchui (Ligularia fischeri) Tea

Abstract: After Gomchui tea was prepared from leaves of Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz by blanching method, the antioxidant activity of major compounds in Gomchui tea was assessed. On-line HPLC-ABTS analysis revealed that caffeoylquinic acids (chlorogenic acids), such as 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,4-DCQA), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA) and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4,5-DCQA), were the major antioxidant compounds in Gomchui tea. The extraction efficiency of these compounds were examined in the various conditions such as extraction temperature, time and solvent. The results demonstrated that the extraction amount with water increased in proportion to extraction time (1~10 min) and temperature (). These active compounds were also extracted with water even at (60% of ), indicating that water is very good extraction solvent for extraction of these antioxidant constituents. However, the extraction efficiency of these compounds decreased when ethanol percentage in water increased. The extraction efficiency between Gomchui powder (no blanching) and tea was significantly different, and 60% of total antioxidant compounds in tea was removed from fresh leaves into water in blanching process, especially 3,5-DCQA (over 90%). Meanwhile, the sonication method didn`t affect the extraction of these compounds in all solvents. These results suggest that Gomchui tea can be a good candidate for the tea beneficial to human health.

Antioxidant Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of the Methanolic Extracts from Milling Fractions of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant compounds and their activities of the methanolic extracts from milling fractions of sorghum. To determine the antioxidant compounds in the methanolic extract from the milling fractions, the content of polyphenol, flavonoids, tannin, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidin were measured by spectrophotometric methods. These were evaluated for antioxidative activities by ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays. The extraction yield of hull, bran and grain of sorghum were 9.95, 19.05 and 2.94%, respectively. The methanolic extracts from sorghum bran showed generally higher antioxidant activities than the extracts from hull and grain of sorghum. In addition, antioxidant compounds distributed much higher contents in sorghum bran extract than in the extracts from hull and grain of sorghum. A significant correlation was also noted between free radical scavenging activity and polyphenolic compounds. The results of this study show that notable antioxidant activity in sorghum bran is considered to have significant health benefits.