Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Awareness, perceptions and willingness to adopt Cross-Laminated Timber by the architecture community in the United States.

Adhesive bonding of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) to wood has been proven as a general way to achieve reinforcement and rehabilitation for wood structures. Although a significant mechanical enhancement can be acquired by using such approach, there exists a big concern about the long-term performance of the FRP–wood composite, especially under the effect of moisture. In this paper, both experimental and atomistic approaches are adopted for investigating the moisture effect on the entire FRP–wood composite system. Macroscopic mechanical tests show that its mechanical properties and its fracture behaviors notably change at different levels of ambient humidity. From an atomistic perspective, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal that water molecules significantly reduce the adhesion energy between wood and epoxy. Results from experimental and numerical studies imply that the strength of the FRP–wood interface critically determines the mechanical performance of the entire system. The water molecules absorbed at the interface are crucial to the durability of multi-layer systems and a general mechanism governing the failure modes of such systems is found.

Effect of moisture on the mechanical properties of CFRP–wood composite: An experimental and atomistic investigation

Low-grade glued laminated timber beams reinforced using improved arrangements of bonded-in GFRP rods

Numerical analysis of timber-to-timber joints and composite beams with inclined self-tapping screws

To evaluate the bond behavior between glulam and GFRP rods, applied according to the near-surface mounted strengthening technique, an experimental program composed of beam and direct pullout tests was carried. In this experimental program three main variables were analyzed: the GFRP type, the GFRP location into the groove, and the bond length. From the monitoring system it was registered the loaded and free end slips, and the pullout force. Based on these experimental results, and applying an analytical–numerical strategy, the local bond stress–slip relationship was calculated. In this work the tests are described, the obtained results are presented and discussed, and the applicability of the inverse analysis to obtain the local bond law is demonstrated.

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Bond behavior between glulam and GFRP’s by pullout tests

http://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/44061/1/Manuscript.CMB.pdf

The influences of moisture content variation, number and width of gaps on the withdrawal resistance of self tapping screws inserted in cross laminated timber

https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/28359/1/paper.pdf

Dimensional variation of three softwood due to hygroscopic behavior

Due to high axial load-bearing capacity and economical application without pre-drilling, self-tapping screws are widely used in modern timber constructions nowadays Their withdrawal behaviour, as one mechanism to be verified according to EN 1995-1-1 (2004), is discernibly influenced by the timber member and its moisture content In case of increase of moisture content above 12 %, test results indicate a significant decrease in withdrawal capacity, which is actually not considered in design procedure In our paper, we thus concentrate on these experimental studies, carried out in the frame of two research projects Furthermore, we discuss two models developed for design procedure as well as for data assessment covering a large bandwidth of moisture content and compare them with results from previous investigations

https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/31243/1/33-40%20Ringhofer.pdf

The influence of moisture content variation on the withdrawal capacity of self-tapping screws

Wood is a natural material, renewable, easily recyclable, and able to store carbondioxide, which makes tall timber buildings a solution with potential to answer the main sustainability targets. Cross laminated timber (CLT) has been pointed out as the best wood-based material to make this ambition a real thing. In order to understand why, this paper introduces the material and describe some demonstration buildings recently built. Based on diagnosed weaknesses of CLT buildings, it is presented an initial propose for a new CLT/glulam hybrid construction system, called Urban Timber (UT) system, which aims be able to support taller timber buildings. The main motivation was the development of a wood-based structural solution that provides more spatial flexibility and wider versatility for visual architectural expressions. The system is described and illustrated, considering concerns related with structural behavior, architectural value, structural connections and wood shrinkage. Chapter 5 Innovative Construction Systems

/pdf/a-project-contribution-to-the-development-of-sustainable-11nxbyhc7z.pdf

Catarina V. Silva

Papers

Bond behavior between glulam and GFRP’s by pullout tests

The influences of moisture content variation, number and width of gaps on the withdrawal resistance of self tapping screws inserted in cross laminated timber

Dimensional variation of three softwood due to hygroscopic behavior

The influence of moisture content variation on the withdrawal capacity of self-tapping screws

A project contribution to the development of sustainable multi-storey timber buildings