Adverse childhood experiences and low socioeconomic status with respect to allostatic load in adulthood: A systematic review.

Adverse childhood experiences and low socioeconomic status with respect to allostatic load in adulthood: A systematic review

Abstract Psychotic experiences (PE) are common in the general population, in particular in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. PE have been shown to be associated with an increased risk for later psychotic disorders, mental disorders, and poorer functioning. Recent findings have highlighted the relevance of PE to many fields of healthcare, including treatment response in clinical services for anxiety &amp; depression treatment, healthcare costs and service use. Despite PE relevance to many areas of mental health, and healthcare research, there remains a gap of information between PE researchers and experts in other fields. With this review, we aim to bridge this gap by providing a broad overview of the current state of PE research, and future directions. This narrative review aims to provide an broad overview of the literature on psychotic experiences, under the following headings: (1) Definition and Measurement of PE; (2) Risk Factors for PE; (3) PE and Health; (4) PE and Psychosocial Functioning; (5) Interventions for PE, (6) Future Directions. 

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2E04D6DC02491D4266F6B66325442C46/S0033291722002550a.pdf/div-class-title-psychotic-experiences-in-the-general-population-a-review-definition-risk-factors-outcomes-and-interventions-div.pdf

Psychotic experiences in the general population, a review; definition, risk factors, outcomes and interventions

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) might be related to cognitive impairments observed in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). However, it remains unknown what aspects of ACEs are associated with cognitive impairments in SSD. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between various characteristics of ACEs (age at first exposure, severity, and multiplicity) and cognition in SSD and healthy controls (HCs). We enrolled 127 individuals with SSD and 56 HCs. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). The Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire was administered to record a history of ACEs. The following characteristics of ACEs were analyzed: multiplicity, severity, and age at first exposure. Individuals with SSD had significantly lower scores on all RBANS domains. Multiplicity and severity of ACEs were significantly higher in patients with SSD compared to HCs. In both groups, greater multiplicity of ACEs was associated with lower scores of global cognition and delayed memory. Additionally, in subjects with SSD, greater multiplicity and younger age at first exposure were associated with lower scores of attention. The present findings indicate that greater multiplicity and younger age at first exposure are the most important aspects of ACEs contributing to cognitive impairments observed in SSD. Moreover, ACEs might exert differential impact on cognition in SSD and HCs.

/pdf/adverse-childhood-experiences-and-neurocognition-in-3aasn1cqog.pdf

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Neurocognition in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Age at First Exposure and Multiplicity Matter.

Absorption refers to the hypothesized propensity for experiencing all-encompassing episodes in which one’s attention is so strongly engaged in an activity or experience that they lose awareness of their surroundings (1, 2). It is typically indexed using the Tellegen Absorption Scale (TAS) (1), which was subsequently modified to improve its psychometric properties (2). This scale has been used to demonstrate that absorption is a reliable predictor of hypnotic suggestibility (2, 3), hallucinations (4), and subjective responses to psychedelics (5). Continuing in this tradition, Luhrmann et al. (6) report a robust correlation between TAS scores and the hallucination of perceiving the presence of another person or entity … 

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: d.terhune{at}gold.ac.uk or gjamieso{at}une.edu.au.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

Hallucinations and the meaning and structure of absorption.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/wps.20841

Psychological processes mediating the association between developmental trauma and specific psychotic symptoms in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Catherine Hobbs

Papers

Psychological processes mediating the association between developmental trauma and specific psychotic symptoms in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis