Evolutionary psychology is one of many biologically informed approaches to the study of human behavior. Along with cognitive psychologists, evolutionary psychologists propose that much, if not all, of our behavior can be explained by appeal to internal psychological mechanisms. What distinguishes evolutionary psychologists from many cognitive psychologists is the proposal that the relevant internal mechanisms are adaptations—products of natural selection—that helped our ancestors get around the world, survive and reproduce. To understand the central claims of evolutionary psychology we require an understanding of some key concepts in evolutionary biology, cognitive psychology, philosophy of science and philosophy of mind. Philosophers are interested in evolutionary psychology for a number of reasons. For philosophers of science —mostly philosophers of biology—evolutionary psychology provides a critical target. There is a broad consensus among philosophers of science that evolutionary psychology is a deeply flawed enterprise. For philosophers of mind and cognitive science evolutionary psychology has been a source of empirical hypotheses about cognitive architecture and specific components of that architecture. Philosophers of mind are also critical of evolutionary psychology but their criticisms are not as all-encompassing as those presented by philosophers of biology. Evolutionary psychology is also invoked by philosophers interested in moral psychology both as a source of empirical hypotheses and as a critical target.

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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Preface (1999) Preface (1990) 1. Subjects of Sex/Gender/Desire I. 'Women' as the Subject of Feminism II. The Compulsory Order of Sex/Gender/Desire III. Gender: The Circular Ruins of Contemporary Debate IV. Theorizing the Binary, the Unitary and Beyond V. Identity, Sex and the Metaphysics of Substance VI. Language, Power and the Strategies of Displacement 2. Prohibition, Psychoanalysis, and the Production of the Heterosexual Matrix I. Structuralism's Critical Exchange II. Lacan, Riviere, and the Strategies of Masquerade III. Freud and the Melancholia of Gender IV. Gender Complexity and the Limits of Identification V. Reformulating Prohibition as Power 3. Subversive Bodily Acts I. The Body Politics of Julia Kristeva II. Foucault, Herculine, and the Politics of Sexual Discontinuity III. Monique Wittig - Bodily Disintegration and Fictive Sex IV. Bodily Inscriptions, Performative Subversions Conclusion - From Parody to Politics

Postmodern Subjects, Postmodern BodiesThinking Fragments: Psychoanalysis, Feminism, and Postmodernism in the Contemporary WestYearning: Race, Gender, and Cultural PoliticsGender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity

Ethical consumer discourse is organized around the idea that shopping, and particularly food shopping, is a way to create progressive social change. A key component of this discourse is the “citizen-consumer” hybrid, found in both activist and academic writing on ethical consumption. The hybrid concept implies a social practice – “voting with your dollar” – that can satisfy competing ideologies of consumerism (an idea rooted in individual self-interest) and citizenship (an ideal rooted in collective responsibility to a social and ecological commons). While a hopeful sign, this hybrid concept needs to be theoretically unpacked, and empirically explored. This article has two purposes. First, it is a theory-building project that unpacks the citizen-consumer concept, and investigates underlying ideological tensions and contradictions. The second purpose of the paper is to relate theory to an empirical case-study of the citizen-consumer in practice. Using the case-study of Whole Foods Market (WFM), a corporation frequently touted as an ethical market actor, I ask: (1) how does WFM frame the citizen-consumer hybrid, and (2) what ideological tensions between consumer and citizen ideals are present in the framing? Are both ideals coexisting and balanced in the citizen-consumer hybrid, or is this construct used to disguise underlying ideological inconsistencies? Rather than meeting the requirements of consumerism and citizenship equally, the case of WFM suggests that the citizen-consumer hybrid provides superficial attention to citizenship goals in order to serve three consumerist interests better: consumer choice, status distinction, and ecological cornucopianism. I argue that a true “citizen-consumer” hybrid is not only difficult to achieve, but may be internally inconsistent in a growth-oriented corporate setting.

The citizen-consumer hybrid: ideological tensions and the case of Whole Foods Market

Although many young people think climate change is an important societal issue, studies indicate that pessimism is quite common. Finding ways to instill hope could therefore be seen as vital. However, is hope positively related to engagement or is it only a sign of illusory optimism? The aim of the study was to explore if hope concerning climate change has a significant relation to pro-environmental behavior as well as an impact on behavior when controlling for already well-known predictors such as values, social influence, knowledge, and gender. Two questionnaire studies were performed, one with a group of Swedish teenagers (n = 723) and one with a group of Swedish young adults (n = 381). ‘Constructive’ hope had a unique positive influence on pro-environmental behavior. Hope based on denial, however, was negatively correlated with pro-environmental behavior in the two samples and was a significant negative predictor in the teenage group. The conclusion is that hope is not only a pleasant feeling but coul...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13504622.2011.637157

Hope and climate change: the importance of hope for environmental engagement among young people

Investigations of the interconnectedness of climate change with human societies require profound analysis of relations among humans and between humans and nature, and the integration of insights from various academic fields. An intersectional approach, developed within critical feminist theory, is advantageous. An intersectional analysis of climate change illuminates how different individuals and groups relate differently to climate change, due to their situatedness in power structures based on context-specific and dynamic social categorisations. Intersectionality sketches out a pathway that stays clear of traps of essentialisation, enabling solidarity and agency across and beyond social categories. It can illustrate how power structures and categorisations may be reinforced, but also challenged and renegotiated, in realities of climate change. We engage with intersectionality as a tool for critical thinking, and provide a set of questions that may serve as sensitisers for intersectional analyses on clima...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09644016.2013.835203

Climate change through the lens of intersectionality

Heroic mothers defending home and hearth against a nature deformed by multinationalist corporate practice: this may be a compelling story, but it is not necessarily the source of valid feminist or ecological critique. What's missing is the democratic element, an insistence on bringing to public debate all the relations of gender and nature that such a view takes for granted. This book aims to situate a commitment to theory and politics -- that is, to democratic practice -- at the center of ecofeminism and, thus, to move toward an ecofeminism that is truly both feminist and ecological.The Good-Natured Feminist inaugurates a sustained conversation between ecofeminism and recent writings in feminist postmodernism and radical democracy. Starting with the assumption that ecofeminism is a body of democratic theory, the book tells how the movement originated in debates about "nature" in North American radical feminisms, how it then became entangled with identity politics, and how it now seeks to include nature in democratic conversation and, especially, to politicize relations between gender and nature in both theoretical and activist milieus.

The Good-Natured Feminist: Ecofeminism and the Quest for Democracy

Jan Švankmajer and Eva Švankmajerová’s 2000 surrealist film Otesánek (Little Otik), based on a Czech folktale of the same name, begins in a gynecologist’s office, where Mrs. Hárakóva is in the midst of receiving the news of yet another negative pregnancy test. During this process, Mr. Hárakóva looks out the window: he sees a baby being spooned from a large tank, weighed, wrapped in paper, and sold like a fish to a pair of waiting hands. When the couple arrive home, dejected, he cuts into a watermelon: there is another baby inside. Bitterly disappointed by their lack of success at conception in the midst of a world apparently filled with pregnant women, the couple go to their country cabin to recuperate. Mr. Hárakóva, working in the garden, unearths a tree root that looks oddly human: as a gesture to lighten his wife’s mood (what a gesture!), he trims and polishes it to look like a child, and presents it to her. Mrs. Hárakóva is, however, not so much lightened as obsessed. She begins to care for the rootbaby as if it were a human infant, and

Fear of a Queer Plant

La consommation verte fait partie d'une tendance vers la privatisation de l'environnement en ce que les politiques environnementales sont de plus en plus rkduites aux activitks de l'individu et de la sphLre domestique. Non seulement cette tendance est-elle problkmatique pour les kcologistes les problbmes environnementaux requi&rent &S solutions plus complexes+nais elle est destructrice pour les fkministes car elle encourage &S valeurs trbs conservatrices sur la famille et les rdles sexuels.

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On "Green" Consumerism: Environmental Privatization and "Family Values"

Queer ecology is a cultural, political, and social analysis that interrogates the relations between the social organization of sexuality and ecology. As a part of this analysis, this article explor...

/pdf/lesbian-separatist-communities-and-the-experience-of-nature-1ketkvlt80.pdf

Lesbian Separatist Communities and the Experience of Nature Toward a Queer Ecology

From one perspective, a cyborg world is about the final imposition of a grid of control on the planet, about the final abstraction embodied in a Star Wars apocalypse waged in the name of defense.... From another perspective, a cyborg world might be about lived social and bodily practices in which people are not afraid of their joint kinship with animals and machines, not afraid of permanently partial identities and contradictory standpoints. -Donna Haraway

Catriona Sandilands

Papers

The Good-Natured Feminist: Ecofeminism and the Quest for Democracy

Fear of a Queer Plant

On "Green" Consumerism: Environmental Privatization and "Family Values"

Lesbian Separatist Communities and the Experience of Nature Toward a Queer Ecology

Mother Earth, the Cyborg, and the Queer: Ecofeminism and (More) Questions of Identity