McGoldrick, Giordano, Therapy with Families in Our Multi-Ethnic Society. Part I: Native American Families. Sutton, Broken Nose, Native American Families, An Overview. Tafoya, Del Vecchio, Back to the Future: An Examination of the Native American Holocaust Experience. Part II: Families of African Origin. Black, Families of African Origin: An Overview. Moore Hines, Boyd-Franklin, African American Families. Brice-Baker, Jamaican Families. Bibb, Casimir, Haitian Families. Mahmoud, African American Muslim Families. Nwadiora, Nigerian Families. Part III: Latino Families Garcia-Preto, Latino Families: An Overview. Bernal, Shapiro, Cuban Families. Falicov, Mexican Families. Garcia-Preot, Puerto Rican Families. Korin, Brazilian Families. Hernandez, Central American Families. Part IV: Asian Families. Lee, Asian Families: An Overview. Lee, Chinese Families. Matusi, Japanese Families. Kim, Korean Families, Leung, Boehnlein, Vietnamese Families. McKenzie? Pollack, Cambodian Families. Peircy et al, Indonesian Families. Santa Rita, Filipino Families. Part V: Middle Eastern Families. Abudabbeh, Middle Eastern Families: An Overview. Jalali, Iranian Families. Simons, Lebanese Families. Dagirmanjian, Armenian Families, Part VI: Asian Indian Families. Almeida, Hindu, Christian and Muslim. Part VII: Families of European Origin. Giordano, McGoldrick, European Families: An Overview. Emery, Amish Families. McGill, Pearce, Anglo Families. De Master, Dutch Families. Langelier, French Canadian Families. Steiner, Wetzel, German Families. Tsemberis, Orfanos, Greek Families. Smith, Hungarian Families. McGoldrick, Irish Families. Giordano, Italian Families. Araujo, Portuguese Families. Erickson, Sinkjaer Simon VIII, Scandinavian Families. Part VIII: Jewish Families. Rosen, Weltman, Jewish Families: An Overview. Fein, Soviet Jewish Families. Fogelman, Israeli Families. Marganoff, Folwarski, Slavic Families: An Overview. Folwarski, Marganoff, Polish Families. Kerr, Slovak Families. Althusen, Russian Families. Krestan, Czech Families.

Ethnicity and family therapy

The goal of this research was to explore the generality of developmental processes related to intergenerational value discrepancies across 701 families from immigrant and non-immigrant groups. In a study involving 471 immigrant families (197 Armenian, 103 Vietnamese, and 171 Mexican) and 230 non-immigrant families (95 African American and 135 European American), adolescents and parents reported their endorsement of values pertaining to family obligations. We examined similarities and differences at three levels of analysis, from the general to the group-specific. Results provide evidence for general developmental processes (family obligations were endorsed more by parents than by adolescents in all groups), processes associated with immigration (the intergenerational value discrepancy generally increased with time in the United States), and processes that are unique to each ethnic group.

Cultural values and intergenerational value discrepancies in immigrant and non-immigrant families.

Objectives. This article investigates whether foreign-born status confers a protective effect against low birth weight (LBW) and whether this protec- tive effect varies across racial/ethnic groups and by so- cioeconomic status (ie, education) within various racial/ ethnic groups. Methods. Logistic regression analyses of the Detail Natality Data, 1998 (n 2 436 890), were used to examine differentials in LBW by nativity across racial/ethnic groups and by education level. Results. Although foreign-born status does not pro- tect against LBW among white women (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96, 1.03) and it increases the risk among Asian women by 24% (95% CI: 1.13, 1.36), it reduces the risk by 25% among black women (95% CI: 0.72, 0.78) and by 19% among Hispanic women (95% CI: 0.78, 0.84). By educational attainment, for whites, blacks, and Hispanics the protective effect of foreign-born status is stronger among women with low education (ie, 0-11 years) than among women with more education. The educational gradient in LBW is less pronounced among foreign-born white, black, and Hispanic women than among their US-born counterparts. Conclusions. Foreign-born status is associated with LBW. The direction and strength of this association var- ies across racial/ethnic groups, and within those groups it varies by educational level. Future research may test hy- potheses regarding the mechanisms underlying these variations in LBW, including health selection of immi- grants, cultural factors, social support, and social environment. Pediatrics 2005;115:e20-e30. URL: www.

https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/115/1/e20.full.pdf

The Differential Effect of Foreign-Born Status on Low Birth Weight by Race/Ethnicity and Education

Contemporary nonwhite immigration from Latin America and Asia, increasing racial/ethnic intermarriage, and the growing number of multiracial individuals has made the black-white color line now seem anachronistic in America, consequently raising the question of whether today's color line is evolving in new directions toward either a white-nonwhite divide, a black-nonblack divide, or a new tri-racial hierarchy. In order to gauge the placement of today's color line, we examine patterns of multiracial identification, using both quantitative data on multiracial reporting in the 2000 U.S. Census and in-depth interview data from multiracial individuals with Asian, Latino or black backgrounds. These bodies of evidence suggest that the multiracial identifications of Asians and Latinos (behaviorally and self-perceptually) show much less social distance from whites than from blacks, signaling the likely emergence of a blacknonblack divide that continues to separate blacks from other groups, including new nonwhite immigrants. However, given that the construction of whiteness as a category has been fluid in the past and appears to be stretching yet again, it is also possible that the color line will change still further to even more fully incorporate Asians and Latinos as white, which would mean that the historical black-white divide could again re-emerge.

Reinventing the Color Line Immigration and America's New Racial/Ethnic Divide

It is commonly believed that race is perceived through another's facial features, such as skin color. In the present research, we demonstrate that cues to social status that often surround a face systematically change the perception of its race. Participants categorized the race of faces that varied along White–Black morph continua and that were presented with high-status or low-status attire. Low-status attire increased the likelihood of categorization as Black, whereas high-status attire increased the likelihood of categorization as White; and this influence grew stronger as race became more ambiguous (Experiment 1). When faces with high-status attire were categorized as Black or faces with low-status attire were categorized as White, participants' hand movements nevertheless revealed a simultaneous attraction to select the other race-category response (stereotypically tied to the status cue) before arriving at a final categorization. Further, this attraction effect grew as race became more ambiguous (Experiment 2). Computational simulations then demonstrated that these effects may be accounted for by a neurally plausible person categorization system, in which contextual cues come to trigger stereotypes that in turn influence race perception. Together, the findings show how stereotypes interact with physical cues to shape person categorization, and suggest that social and contextual factors guide the perception of race.

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Cecyle S. Neidle

Papers

The New Americans.