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Properties Of Concrete

Effects of sintering temperature on the characteristics of lightweight aggregate made from sewage sludge and river sediment

Enhancement of strength and durability of fly ash concrete in seawater environments: Synergistic effect of nanoparticles

Use of CO2 curing to enhance the properties of cold bonded lightweight aggregates (CBLAs) produced with concrete slurry waste (CSW) and fine incineration bottom ash (IBA).

Phase characterizations, physical properties and strength of environment-friendly cold-bonded fly ash lightweight aggregates

This paper reports the investigated thermogravimetry analysis, compressive strength and thermal conductivity tests of non-autoclaved aerated Portland cement–fly ash–silica fume concrete. The mixes were cured in water and air for 3, 7 and 28 days. Thermogravimetry results showed that calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H), ettringite, gehlenite (C2ASH8), calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) phases were detected in all mixes. The compressive strength and thermal conductivity of aerated Portland cement–fly ash–silica fume concrete increased when compared with aerated Portland cement–fly ash concrete after 28 days. The compressive strength and thermal conductivity of aerated concrete cured in water had higher values than air-cured specimens. X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry showed that Ca(OH)2 decreased with increased silica fume content. This is due to the increased pozzolanic reaction when compared with the Portland cement–fly ash mixes, which corresponds to an increase in compressive strength and thermal conductivity.

Thermogravimetry analysis, compressive strength and thermal conductivity tests of non-autoclaved aerated Portland cement–fly ash–silica fume concrete

Microstructure and phase characterizations of fly ash cement by alkali activation were investigated. High calcium fly ash (FA) at 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% by mass of binders was used in combination with Portland cement (PC), thus producing alkali-activated fly ash cements with some part of Portland cement and geopolymer (at 100%FA). Alkali solutions (Na2SiO3 and NaOH) were used as activators at alkali liquid/binder of 0.65, and Na2SiO3/NaOH ratio used was 0.67. Samples were cured at 23 °C (55% RH) and 60 °C (95% RH). The results showed that curing temperature significantly affects the reacted products. By curing at higher temperature ≈ 60 °C, a denser structure due to high-temperature curing plays a crucial role in terms of producing more semi-crystalline (N–A–S–H) structure as characterized by X-ray diffraction. Moreover, higher-temperature curing gave higher compressive strength than curing at 23 °C in all mixes. Optimum compressive strength obtained at 23 °C and 60 °C curing samples was found in 80FA20PC and 100FA samples, respectively. Thermal analysis results showed that N–A–S–H/(N, C)–A–S–H was detected in all mixes. Scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray showed elements belong to N–A–S–H and (N, C)–A–S–H phases.

Microstructure and phase characterizations of fly ash cements by alkali activation

Artificial aggregates, such as fly ash lightweight aggregates, can be used as eco-friendly alternatives to natural aggregates. This work aims to investigate the effect of curing time on the hydration and material properties (voids, shrinkage, crushing strength and pH) of cold-bonded high-calcium fly ash–Portland cement lightweight aggregate. Fly ash was used as a lightweight material (at 90% by mass), and Portland cement was used at 10% by mass. A 100% FA lightweight aggregate was also prepared for comparison. Thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) were performed at three different curing times (0, 3 and 28 days). Shrinkage test specimens were kept in sealed bags and exposed to air curing conditions and were measured at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Calcium silicate hydrate, calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate were observed in both mixes (100FA and 90FA10PC). The TG showed that the calcium silicate hydrate phase increased when 10% Portland cement was used compared to that of the 100FA mix. Furthermore, with increasing curing time, the calcium silicate hydrate phase increased while the calcium hydroxide phase decreased due to pozzolanic and hydration reactions. The shrinkage of fly ash lightweight aggregate with 10% Portland cement had a lower value than that of the 100FA mix for different curing conditions due to the effect of pore refinement.

Effect of curing time on the hydration and material properties of cold-bonded high-calcium fly ash–Portland cement lightweight aggregate

The research on fly ash lightweight aggregate has been of great interest recently due to its potential for use as a substitute for natural aggregate in concrete mixes. In this work, thermogravimetric analysis of cold-bonded high-calcium fly ash lightweight aggregate with and without minor use of calcium hydroxide was investigated. Calcium hydroxide was used at 5 and 10% to replace part of fly ash. Thermogravimetric analysis measurements were carried out on samples at 0, 3 and 28 days. The results showed that calcium silicate hydrate phase in fly ash–calcium hydroxide mix is higher than reference fly ash mix. This is due to the reaction of calcium hydroxide which helps accelerate the pozzolanic reaction of fly ash. Calcium silicate hydrate was also shown to increase with curing time. Moreover, calcium hydroxide and minor calcium carbonate peaks can also be seen in all mixes while the highest amount of calcium hydroxide was found in the 90FA10CH mix.

Chalermphan Narattha

Papers

Phase characterizations, physical properties and strength of environment-friendly cold-bonded fly ash lightweight aggregates

Thermogravimetry analysis, compressive strength and thermal conductivity tests of non-autoclaved aerated Portland cement–fly ash–silica fume concrete

Microstructure and phase characterizations of fly ash cements by alkali activation

Effect of curing time on the hydration and material properties of cold-bonded high-calcium fly ash–Portland cement lightweight aggregate

Thermal analysis and phase formation of eco-friendly cold-bonded high-calcium fly ash–calcium hydroxide lightweight aggregate at various curing time