다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

In this critical review, metal oxides-based materials for electrochemical supercapacitor (ES) electrodes are reviewed in detail together with a brief review of carbon materials and conducting polymers. Their advantages, disadvantages, and performance in ES electrodes are discussed through extensive analysis of the literature, and new trends in material development are also reviewed. Two important future research directions are indicated and summarized, based on results published in the literature: the development of composite and nanostructured ES materials to overcome the major challenge posed by the low energy density of ES (476 references).

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A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors

I read this book the same weekend that the Packers took on the Rams, and the experience of the latter event, obviously, colored my judgment. Although I abhor anything that smacks of being a handbook (like, \"How to Earn a Merit Badge in Neurosurgery\") because too many volumes in biomedical science already evince a boyscout-like approach, I must confess that parts of this volume are fast, scholarly, and significant, with certain reservations. I like parts of this well-illustrated book because Dr. Sj6strand, without so stating, develops certain subjects on technique in relation to the acquisition of judgment and sophistication. And this is important! So, given that the author (like all of us) is somewhat deficient in some areas, and biased in others, the book is still valuable if the uninitiated reader swallows it in a general fashion, realizing full well that what will be required from the reader is a modulation to fit his vision, propreception, adaptation and response, and the kind of problem he is undertaking. A major deficiency of this book is revealed by comparison of its use of physics and of chemistry to provide understanding and background for the application of high resolution electron microscopy to problems in biology. Since the volume is keyed to high resolution electron microscopy, which is a sophisticated form of structural analysis, but really morphology in a modern guise, the physical and mechanical background of The instrument and its ancillary tools are simply and well presented. The potential use of chemical or cytochemical information as it relates to biological fine structure , however, is quite deficient. I wonder when even sophisticated morphol-ogists will consider fixation a reaction and not a technique; only then will the fundamentals become self-evident and predictable and this sine qua flon will become less mystical. Staining reactions (the most inadequate chapter) ought to be something more than a technique to selectively enhance contrast of morphological elements; it ought to give the structural addresses of some of the chemical residents of cell components. Is it pertinent that auto-radiography gets singled out for more complete coverage than other significant aspects of cytochemistry by a high resolution microscopist, when it has a built-in minimal error of 1,000 A in standard practice? I don't mean to blind-side (in strict football terminology) Dr. Sj6strand's efforts for what is \"routinely used in our laboratory\"; what is done is usually well done. It's just that …

Methods in Enzymology.

Electrochemical supercapacitors (ECs), characteristic of high power and reasonably high energy densities, have become a versatile solution to various emerging energy applications. This critical review describes some materials science aspects on manganese oxide-based materials for these applications, primarily including the strategic design and fabrication of these electrode materials. Nanostructurization, chemical modification and incorporation with high surface area, conductive nanoarchitectures are the three major strategies in the development of high-performance manganese oxide-based electrodes for EC applications. Numerous works reviewed herein have shown enhanced electrochemical performance in the manganese oxide-based electrode materials. However, many fundamental questions remain unanswered, particularly with respect to characterization and understanding of electron transfer and atomic transport of the electrochemical interface processes within the manganese oxide-based electrodes. In order to fully exploit the potential of manganese oxide-based electrode materials, an unambiguous appreciation of these basic questions and optimization of synthesis parameters and material properties are critical for the further development of EC devices (233 references).

Manganese oxide-based materials as electrochemical supercapacitor electrodes

The nonradiative conversion of light energy into heat (photothermal therapy, PTT) or sound energy (photoacoustic imaging, PAI) has been intensively investigated for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer, respectively. By taking advantage of nanocarriers, both imaging and therapeutic functions together with enhanced tumour accumulation have been thoroughly studied to improve the pre-clinical efficiency of PAI and PTT. In this review, we first summarize the development of inorganic and organic nano photothermal transduction agents (PTAs) and strategies for improving the PTT outcomes, including applying appropriate laser dosage, guiding the treatment via imaging techniques, developing PTAs with absorption in the second NIR window, increasing photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), and also increasing the accumulation of PTAs in tumours. Second, we introduce the advantages of combining PTT with other therapies in cancer treatment. Third, the emerging applications of PAI in cancer-related research are exemplified. Finally, the perspectives and challenges of PTT and PAI for combating cancer, especially regarding their clinical translation, are discussed. We believe that PTT and PAI having noteworthy features would become promising next-generation non-invasive cancer theranostic techniques and improve our ability to combat cancers.

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Photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging via nanotheranostics in fighting cancer

The Sensor Planning Service (SPS) provides standard operations for requesting user-driven acquisitions and observations or to task a sensor. A SPS could be a flexible one by chaining other web services as SPS's operations or a part of SPS architecture. In this paper, we presented a dynamic SPS serving method that integrates different OGC Web Services to meet a costumed earth observing task, which can fit an observing scenario has specified observing parameters like data provider, observing time, and spatial ranges. We use RESTFul technology to organize the distributed Web Services and the Data resources to serve the SPS instance. We test the SPS method in a dynamic earth observation data preparing experiment.

A RESTFul based SPS for dynamic earth observation data preparing

For dual-mode hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), the design of switch strategy and energy management strategy (EMS) are always independent. However, due to the complex and changeable driving condition hybrid electric vehicle encountering, the vehicle performance, including fuel economy and battery lifetime, will be affected by the inconsistency between the two strategies. It's still open to study how to combine switch strategy with EMS. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC) considering engine on/off and mode switch for dual-mode hybrid electric vehicle. Firstly, in order to get the precise input sequence, Back Propagation Neural Network is used to forecast future velocity. Secondly, a cost function, considering engine on/off and mode switch, which is solved with Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP), is put forward. To avoid frequently mode switch and engine on/off during the process of velocity fluctuation, a smooth method is applied in the prediction domain of MPC. Finally, the proposed EMS is verified in simulation. Simulation results show that this strategy can achieve the desired goals.

Model Predictive Control Considering Engine On/Off and Mode Switch for Dual-mode Hybrid Electric Vehicle

A novel supported bismuth (Bi)-based catalyst was prepared using halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as a carrier and effectively used for acetylene hydrochlorination. The proposed Bi/HNTs catalyst exhibited potential catalytic performance. The...

Halloysite nanotubes-supported bismuth catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination

For four-wheel independent drive electric vehicles (4WID-EVs), the increase of actuators with control systems and electrical systems make the vehicle more likely to encounter the failure of the electronic components in actuators. This may further result in actuator faults and influence the stability and handling performance. To handle this problem, an actuator fault model which contains loss-of-effectiveness and additive fault is used to represent the characteristics of actuator faults. Then, based on the fault model, a modified distribution algorithm based active fault tolerant control (FTC) strategy with layered architecture is proposed in this paper. In the upper layer, a 2 degrees of freedom (DOF) vehicle dynamics model based sliding mode controller is proposed to track the reference states, which introduces the compensative steering angle as an extra control variable. In the lower layer, a modified distribution algorithm is used to reconfigure the distribution of the control targets, thus the compensative steering angle can provide the insufficient direct yaw moment. Comparison works are carried out in simulation. The results show that the proposed method improves performance by 72.9% and 87.6% compared with former proposed FTC method under 2 fault conditions. The proposed method might provide a theoretical reference for actual controller design in 4WID-EVs.

A Modified Distribution Algorithm For Four-Wheel Independent Drive Electric Vehicles under Actuator Faults

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Chao Yang

Papers

A RESTFul based SPS for dynamic earth observation data preparing

Model Predictive Control Considering Engine On/Off and Mode Switch for Dual-mode Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Halloysite nanotubes-supported bismuth catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination

A Modified Distribution Algorithm For Four-Wheel Independent Drive Electric Vehicles under Actuator Faults

USP1 promotes the aerobic glycolysis and progression of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia via PLK1/LDHA axis.